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A. F. Sinclair, Natural mortality of cod ( Gadus morhua ) in the Southern Gulf of St Lawrence , ICES Journal of Marine Science, Volume 58, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1999.0490
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Abstract
The closure of the cod fishery in Canada's southern Gulf of St Lawrence, and the existence of a reliable research vessel (RV) survey of the stock, has provided a unique opportunity to directly estimate the instantaneous rate of natural mortality (M) of a commercial cod stock. The results indicate that M is currently in the range of 0.4, which is higher than the value of 0.2 assumed in the past. An M of 0.4 is not inconsistent with the observed age range of cod in commercial catches and with recent growth characteristics of the stock. There is evidence that M may have increased in the early 1980s.