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Longfei Li, Richard J. Braun, Tobin A. Driscoll, William D. Henshaw, Jeffrey W. Banks, P. Ewen King-Smith, Computed tear film and osmolarity dynamics on an eye-shaped domain, Mathematical Medicine and Biology: A Journal of the IMA, Volume 33, Issue 2, 1 June 2016, Pages 123–157, https://doi.org/10.1093/imammb/dqv013
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Abstract
The concentration of ions, or osmolarity, in the tear film is a key variable in understanding dry eye symptoms and disease. In this manuscript, we derive a mathematical model that couples osmolarity (treated as a single solute) and fluid dynamics within the tear film on a 2D eye-shaped domain. The model includes the physical effects of evaporation, surface tension, viscosity, ocular surface wettability, osmolarity, osmosis and tear fluid supply and drainage. The governing system of coupled non-linear partial differential equations is solved using the Overture computational framework, together with a hybrid time-stepping scheme, using a variable step backward differentiation formula and a Runge–Kutta–Chebyshev method that were added to the framework. The results of our numerical simulations provide new insight into the osmolarity distribution over the ocular surface during the interblink.