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Y. D. Jang, J. Y. Ma, J. S. Monegue, H. J. Monegue, R. L. Stuart, M. D. Lindemann, Temporal plasma vitamin concentrations are altered by fat-soluble vitamin administration in suckling pigs, Journal of Animal Science, Volume 93, Issue 11, November 2015, Pages 5273–5282, https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2015-9221
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ABSTRACT
Piglets are born with purportedly low plasma vitamin D levels. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of fat-soluble vitamin administration, primarily vitamin D, by different administration routes on plasma vitamin concentrations in suckling pigs. A total of 45 pigs from 5 litters were allotted at birth to 3 treatments within each litter. Pigs were administered 400 IU of α-tocopherol, 40,000 IU of retinyl palmitate, and 40,000 IU of vitamin D3 at d 1 of age either orally or by i.m. injection and compared with control pigs with no supplemental vitamin administration. Blood samples were collected at d 0 (initial), 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 14, and 20 after administration. Plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD3), α-tocopherol, retinyl palmitate, and retinol concentrations were analyzed. Except for retinol, the effects of treatment, day, and day × treatment interaction (P < 0.01) were observed on plasma vitamin concentrations. Plasma concentrations of 25OHD3 and α-tocopherol increased immediately regardless of administration routes to peak at d 2 and 1 after administration, respectively. Plasma retinyl palmitate concentrations increased only with the injection treatment, with the peak at d 1 after administration. Plasma concentrations of 25OHD3 in both administration treatments and α-tocopherol in the injection treatment were maintained at greater levels than those in the control treatment until d 20 after administration. With regard to the pharmacokinetic parameters for plasma 25OHD3 concentrations, the injection treatment had greater elimination half-life (P < 0.01), maximum plasma concentrations (P < 0.05), and all area under the curve parameters (P < 0.01) but a lower elimination rate constant (P < 0.01) than the oral treatment. Relative bioavailability of oral administration compared with injection administration was 55.26%. These results indicate that plasma status of 25OHD3,α-tocopherol, and retinyl palmitate are differentially changed between types of vitamins administered and between administration routes and that the injection route had a greater increase and slower disappearance of plasma vitamin levels than the oral route during the suckling period.