Sixtieth Supplement to the American Ornithological Society’s Check-list of North American Birds

This is the 19th supplement since publication of the 7th edition of the Check-list of North American Birds (American Ornithologists’ Union [AOU] 1998). It summarizes decisions made between 15 April 2018 and 15 April 2019 by the American Ornithological Society’s Committee on Classification and Nomenclature—North and Middle America. The Committee has continued to operate in the manner outlined in the 42nd supplement (Banks et al. 2000).

Changes in this supplement include the following: (1) 8 species (Coccycua pumila, Coccyzus lansbergi, Arundinax aedon, Locustella fluviatilis, Erithacus rubecula, Oenanthe pleschanka, Turdus viscivorus, and Carpodacus roseus) are added to the main list, including 2 species transferred from the Appendix, on the basis of new distributional information; (2) 3 species (Megascops centralis, Psittacara brevipes, and Polioptila albiventris) are added to the main list because of splits from species already on the list; (3) 2 species (Melanitta deglandi and M. stejnegeri) are added to the main list because of splits from a species already on the list, and the English name of that species (M. fusca) is transferred to 1 of the new species (M. deglandi); (4) 2 species names are changed (to Amazilia hoffmanni and Pterodroma gouldi) because of splits from extralimital species; (5) the distributional statements of 2 species (Hydrobates castro and Cyanoloxia cyanoides) are changed because of splits from an extralimital species; (6) 1 species (Trogon aurantiiventris) is lost by merger with a species already on the list; (7) 1 species (Melopsittacus undulatus) is removed from the main list and placed in the Appendix; (8) the distributional statements and circumscription of 2 species (Vireo crassirostris and V. pallens) are changed due to transfer of a subspecies from one species to the other; (9) 9 genera (Pternistis, Paraclaravis, Nesophlox, Leiothlypis, Cyanoloxia, Ixothraupis, Poecilostreptus, Stilpnia, and Phonipara) are added due to splits from other genera, resulting in changes to 17 scientific names (Pternistis erckelii, Paraclaravis mondetoura, Nesophlox evelynae, N. lyrura, Leiothlypis peregrina, L. celata, L. crissalis, L. luciae, L. ruficapilla, L. virginiae, Cyanoloxia cyanoides, Ixothraupis guttata, Poecilostreptus palmeri, P. cabanisi, Stilpnia larvata, S. cucullata, and Phonipara canora); (10) 2 genera (Oceanodroma and Pselliophorus) are lost by merger with other genera already on the list, resulting in changes to 16 scientific names (Hydrobates furcatus, H. hornbyi, H. monorhis, H. leucorhous, H. socorroensis, H. cheimomnestes, H. homochroa, H. castro, H. tethys, H. melania, H. macrodactylus, H. markhami, H. tristrami, H. microsoma, Atlapetes tibialis, and A. luteoviridis) and changes to English names of 2 of these species (Atlapetes tibialis and A. luteoviridis); (11) the scientific name of 1 species (Melanospiza bicolor) is changed due to transfer between genera already on the list; (12) the English names of 2 species (Lampornis amethystinus and L. clemenciae) are changed; (13) hyphens are removed from the English names of 5 species (Columbina passerina, C. minuta, C. talpacoti, Claravis pretiosa, and Paraclaravis mondetoura) (14) 3 new species (Apus nipalensis, Spodiopsar cineraceus, and Montifringilla nivalis) are added to the Appendix; and (15) 5 species (Anser brachyrhynchus, Hydrobates pelagicus, Sula granti, Buteogallus urubitinga, and Icterus abeillei) are added to the list of species known to occur in the United States.

A new family of babblers (Leiothrichidae) is added and a corresponding family (Timaliidae) deleted, and new linear sequences are adopted for subfamilies in the family Cuculidae, species in the genus Charadrius, and species in the families Fregatidae, Hirundinidae, and Passerellidae, all due to new phylogenetic data.

Literature that provides the basis for the Committee’s decisions is cited at the end of this supplement, and citations not already in the Literature Cited of the 7th edition (with supplements) become additions to it. A list of the bird species known from the AOS Check-list area can be found at http://checklist.aou.org/taxa, and proposals that form the basis for this supplement can be found at http://checklist.aou.org/nacc/proposals/2019.html.

The following changes to the 7th edition (page numbers refer thereto) and its supplements result from the Committee’s actions:

pp. xvii–liv. Increase the number in the title of the list of species to 2,154. Insert the following names in the proper position as indicated by the text of this supplement:

Melanitta fusca Velvet Scoter. (A)

Melanitta deglandi White-winged Scoter.

Melanitta stejnegeri Stejneger’s Scoter. (N)

Pternistis erckelii Erckel’s Francolin. (H, I)

Columbina passerina Common Ground Dove.

Columbina minuta Plain-breasted Ground Dove.

Columbina talpacoti Ruddy Ground Dove.

Claravis pretiosa Blue Ground Dove.

Paraclaravis mondetoura Maroon-chested Ground Dove.

Coccycua pumila Dwarf Cuckoo. (A)

Coccyzus lansbergi Gray-capped Cuckoo. (N)

Lampornis amethystinus Amethyst-throated Mountain- gem.

Lampornis clemenciae Blue-throated Mountain- gem.

Nesophlox evelynae Bahama Woodstar.

Nesophlox lyrura Inagua Woodstar.

Amazilia hoffmanni Blue-vented Hummingbird.

Hydrobates furcatus Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel.

Hydrobates hornbyi Ringed Storm-Petrel. (A)

Hydrobates monorhis Swinhoe’s Storm-Petrel. (A)

Hydrobates leucorhous Leach’s Storm-Petrel.

Hydrobates socorroensis Townsend’s Storm-Petrel.

Hydrobates cheimomnestes Ainley’s Storm-Petrel.

Hydrobates homochroa Ashy Storm-Petrel.

Hydrobates castro Band-rumped Storm-Petrel. (N)

Hydrobates tethys Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrel. (N)

Hydrobates melania Black Storm-Petrel.

†Hydrobates macrodactylus Guadalupe Storm-Petrel.

Hydrobates markhami Markham’s Storm-Petrel. (A)

Hydrobates tristrami Tristram’s Storm-Petrel.

Hydrobates microsoma Least Storm-Petrel.

Pterodroma gouldi Gray-faced Petrel. (A)

Megascops guatemalae Middle American Screech-Owl.

Megascops centralis Choco Screech-Owl.

Psittacara brevipes Socorro Parakeet.

Polioptila albiventris Yucatan Gnatcatcher.

LEIOTHRICHIDAE

Arundinax aedon Thick-billed Warbler. (A)

Locustella fluviatilis River Warbler. (A)

Erithacus rubecula European Robin. (A)

Oenanthe pleschanka Pied Wheatear. (A)

Turdus viscivorus Mistle Thrush. (A)

Carpodacus roseus Pallas’s Rosefinch. (A)

Atlapetes tibialis Yellow-thighed Brushfinch.

Atlapetes luteoviridis Yellow-green Brushfinch.

Leiothlypis peregrina Tennessee Warbler.

Leiothlypis celata Orange-crowned Warbler.

Leiothlypis crissalis Colima Warbler.

Leiothlypis luciae Lucy’s Warbler.

Leiothlypis ruficapilla Nashville Warbler.

Leiothlypis virginiae Virginia’s Warbler.

Cyanoloxia cyanoides Blue-black Grosbeak.

Ixothraupis guttata Speckled Tanager.

Poecilostreptus palmeri Gray-and-gold Tanager.

Poecilostreptus cabanisi Azure-rumped Tanager.

Stilpnia larvata Golden-hooded Tanager.

Stilpnia cucullata Lesser Antillean Tanager.

Phonipara canora Cuban Grassquit.

Melanospiza bicolor Black-faced Grassquit.

Delete the following names:

Melanitta fusca White-winged Scoter.

Francolinus erckelii Erckel’s Francolin. (H, I)

Columbina passerina Common Ground-Dove.

Columbina minuta Plain-breasted Ground-Dove.

Columbina talpacoti Ruddy Ground-Dove.

Claravis pretiosa Blue Ground-Dove.

Claravis mondetoura Maroon-chested Ground-Dove.

Lampornis amethystinus Amethyst-throated Hummingbird.

Lampornis clemenciae Blue-throated Hummingbird.

Calliphlox evelynae Bahama Woodstar.

Calliphlox lyrura Inagua Woodstar.

Amazilia saucerottei Steely-vented Hummingbird.

Oceanodroma furcata Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel.

Oceanodroma hornbyi Ringed Storm-Petrel. (A)

Oceanodroma monorhis Swinhoe’s Storm-Petrel. (A)

Oceanodroma leucorhoa Leach’s Storm-Petrel.

Oceanodroma socorroensis Townsend’s Storm-Petrel.

Oceanodroma cheimomnestes Ainley’s Storm-Petrel.

Oceanodroma homochroa Ashy Storm-Petrel.

Oceanodroma castro Band-rumped Storm-Petrel. (N)

Oceanodroma tethys Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrel. (N)

Oceanodroma melania Black Storm-Petrel.

†Oceanodroma macrodactyla Guadalupe Storm-Petrel.

Oceanodroma markhami Markham’s Storm-Petrel. (A)

Oceanodroma tristrami Tristram’s Storm-Petrel.

Oceanodroma microsoma Least Storm-Petrel.

Pterodroma macroptera Great-winged Petrel. (A)

Megascops guatemalae Vermiculated Screech-Owl.

Trogon aurantiiventris Orange-bellied Trogon.

Loriinae

Melopsittacus undulatus Budgerigar. (I)

TIMALIIDAE

Pselliophorus tibialis Yellow-thighed Finch.

Pselliophorus luteoviridis Yellow-green Finch.

Oreothlypis peregrina Tennessee Warbler.

Oreothlypis celata Orange-crowned Warbler.

Oreothlypis crissalis Colima Warbler.

Oreothlypis luciae Lucy’s Warbler.

Oreothlypis ruficapilla Nashville Warbler.

Oreothlypis virginiae Virginia’s Warbler.

Cyanocompsa cyanoides Blue-black Grosbeak.

Tangara palmeri Gray-and-gold Tanager.

Tangara cabanisi Azure-rumped Tanager.

Tangara cucullata Lesser Antillean Tanager.

Tangara larvata Golden-hooded Tanager.

Tangara guttata Speckled Tanager.

Tiaris canorus Cuban Grassquit.

Tiaris bicolor Black-faced Grassquit.

Recognize new family LEIOTHRICHIDAE, delete family TIMALIIDAE, and move the following species from Timaliidae to the new family:

Garrulax pectoralis

Garrulax canorus

Leiothrix lutea

Adopt the following linear sequence for subfamilies in the family Cuculidae:

Crotophaginae

Crotophaga

Neomorphinae

Tapera

Dromococcyx

Morococcyx

Geococcyx

Neomorphus

Cuculinae

Cuculus

Coccycua

Piaya

Coccyzus

Adopt the following linear sequence for species in the genus Charadrius:

Charadrius morinellus

Charadrius vociferus

Charadrius hiaticula

Charadrius semipalmatus

Charadrius melodus

Charadrius dubius

Charadrius mongolus

Charadrius leschenaultii

Charadrius veredus

Charadrius wilsonia

Charadrius collaris

Charadrius montanus

Charadrius nivosus

Adopt the following linear sequence for species in the family Fregatidae:

Fregata ariel

Fregata magnificens

Fregata minor

Adopt the following linear sequence for species in the family Hirundinidae:

Riparia riparia

Tachycineta bicolor

Tachycineta cyaneoviridis

Tachycineta thalassina

Tachycineta euchrysea

Tachycineta albilinea

Atticora pileata

Atticora tibialis

Pygochelidon cyanoleuca

Stelgidopteryx serripennis

Stelgidopteryx ruficollis

Progne sinaloae

Progne tapera

Progne dominicensis

Progne subis

Progne cryptoleuca

Progne chalybea

Progne elegans

Hirundo rustica

Delichon urbicum

Petrochelidon pyrrhonota

Petrochelidon fulva

Adopt the following linear sequence for species in the family Passerellidae:

Chlorospingus flavigularis

Chlorospingus canigularis

Chlorospingus pileatus

Chlorospingus flavopectus

Chlorospingus tacarcunae

Chlorospingus inornatus

Peucaea carpalis

Peucaea sumichrasti

Peucaea ruficauda

Peucaea humeralis

Peucaea mystacalis

Peucaea botterii

Peucaea cassinii

Peucaea aestivalis

Ammodramus savannarum

Arremonops rufivirgatus

Arremonops chloronotus

Arremonops conirostris

Amphispiza quinquestriata

Amphispiza bilineata

Chondestes grammacus

Calamospiza melanocorys

Spizella passerina

Spizella pallida

Spizella atrogularis

Spizella pusilla

Spizella breweri

Spizella wortheni

Arremon costaricensis

Arremon atricapillus

Arremon aurantiirostris

Arremon virenticeps

Arremon brunneinucha

Arremon crassirostris

Passerella iliaca

Spizelloides arborea

Junco vulcani

Junco insularis

Junco hyemalis

Junco phaeonotus

Junco bairdi

Zonotrichia capensis

Zonotrichia leucophrys

Zonotrichia atricapilla

Zonotrichia querula

Zonotrichia albicollis

Artemisiospiza nevadensis

Artemisiospiza belli

Oriturus superciliosus

Pooecetes gramineus

Ammospiza leconteii

Ammospiza maritima

Ammospiza nelsoni

Ammospiza caudacuta

Centronyx bairdii

Centronyx henslowii

Passerculus sandwichensis

Xenospiza baileyi

Melospiza melodia

Melospiza lincolnii

Melospiza georgiana

Pezopetes capitalis

Torreornis inexpectata

Melozone kieneri

Melozone fusca

Melozone albicollis

Melozone aberti

Melozone crissalis

Melozone leucotis

Melozone biarcuata

Melozone cabanisi

Aimophila rufescens

Aimophila ruficeps

Aimophila notosticta

Pipilo chlorurus

Pipilo maculatus

Pipilo erythrophthalmus

Pipilo ocai

Atlapetes pileatus

Atlapetes albinucha

Atlapetes tibialis

Atlapetes luteoviridis

Remove the asterisks before the 6 species of Chlorospingus.

Note: The entries below follow the current linear sequence as established in this and previous supplements, although entries continue to be cross-referenced to page numbers in AOU (1998).

1. [p. 57] Records of Anser brachyrhynchus in the United States are treated as pertaining to wild birds. Delete “; reports from New York and Massachusetts are doubtful” from the end of the distributional statement and add the following sentence to the end of the statement:

Casual in New England and in the mid-Atlantic states south to Maryland and Delaware; reports from Colorado, Washington, and British Columbia may also pertain to wild birds.

2. [p. 80] Melanitta deglandi and M. stejnegeri are treated as species separate from M. fusca. In the account for M. fusca, change the English name to Velvet Scoter, replace “prairie” in the habitat statement with “taiga”, and replace the existing distributional statement and Notes with:

Distribution.—Breeds from Fennoscandia east across northern Siberia to the Yenisei, south to northern Kazakhstan; disjunctly on some lakes in the Caucasus and vicinity, from northeastern Turkey, Georgia, and Armenia to Turkmenistan.

Winters primarily in the Baltic Sea with fewer to the North Sea and British Isles; uncommon to rare elsewhere on the Atlantic Coast south to Spain, and locally in the northern Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian seas, and on a few lakes in Central Europe.

Casual in Greenland, Iceland, the Faeroe Islands, Bear Island, the Azores, northwestern Africa, Israel, and Afghanistan.

Notes.—Formerly (AOU 1983,, 1998) considered conspecific with M. deglandi and M. stejnegeri, but separated on the basis of color and pattern differences, including bill structure; tracheal differences (Miller 1926); a lack of known hybridization in areas of parapatry and co-occurrence; and a lack of rationale for the original merger by Hartert (1920). This species and M. deglandi had been previously considered distinct (AOU 1895 through AOU 1957).

After the account for M. fusca, insert the following new species account:

Melanitta deglandi (Bonaparte). White-winged Scoter.

Oedemia deglandi Bonaparte, 1850, Revue critique de l’ornithologie Européenne Degland, p. 108. (North America.)

Habitat.—Lakes, ponds, and sluggish streams in tundra, taiga, and prairie; in winter, mostly shallow marine littoral areas, bays, and estuaries, less commonly on large lakes.

Distribution.—Breeds in North America from northern Alaska, northern Yukon, northwestern and southern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, and northern Manitoba south to central Alaska, southern Yukon, interior British Columbia, southeastern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, northern North Dakota (formerly), southern Manitoba, northern Ontario, and western Quebec, occurring in summer to northeastern Mackenzie and from Hudson Bay east to Labrador and Newfoundland.

Winters in North America on the Pacific coast from the Aleutians and Alaska Peninsula south to central California, less commonly south to northern Baja California, on the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic coast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Newfoundland south to New Jersey, less commonly south to North Carolina and rarely south to Florida.

Migrates regularly through Utah, North Dakota, the Great Lakes region, and the Mississippi and Ohio valleys.

Casual on Melville Island, through the interior of North America south to Baja California, Arizona, Sonora, New Mexico, southern Texas, and the Gulf coast (east to Florida), in Greenland, and in northwestern Europe (most records from Iceland, the Faeroes, and Denmark).

Notes.—See Notes under M. fusca.

After the account for M. deglandi, insert the following new species account:

Melanitta stejnegeri (Ridgway). Stejneger’s Scoter.

Oidemia stejnegeri Ridgway, 1887, Manual of North American Birds, p. 112. (Kamchatka to Japan = Bering Island, Commander Islands.)

Habitat.—Lakes, ponds, and sluggish streams in taiga and tundra; in winter, mostly shallow marine littoral areas, bays, and estuaries, less commonly on large lakes and rivers.

Distribution.—Breeds in Asia from central and eastern Siberia just east of the Yenesei River east to Anadyrland, Koryakland, and Kamchatka, north to the limits of taiga and south to the Russian Altai, northwestern Mongolia, Tuva, Lake Baikal, Amurland, Sakhalin, and the Kuril Islands. Western distributional limit and possible zone of overlap with M. fusca not well established (Reeber 2015).

Winters in Asia from the Kuril Islands south to northern Japan; smaller numbers in the coastal eastern Russian Far East south to eastern China, Korea, and southern Japan.

Casual in late spring in the Bering Sea in northwestern Alaska (Dunn et al. 2012), and in Europe, including Iceland.

Notes.—Also known as Siberian Scoter. See Notes under M. fusca.

3. [p. 115] Phylogenetic analyses have shown that the genus Francolinus is not monophyletic. After the species account for Francolinus francolinus, insert the following heading, citation, and Notes:

 

Genus PTERNISTIS Wagler

Pternistis Wagler, 1823, Isis von Oken, col. 1229. Type, by subsequent designation, Tetrao caenesis Gmelin = Tetrao afer P. L. S. Müller. (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Birds, ed. 2, 1841, p. 79.)

Notes.—Formerly (e.g., AOU 1983,, 1998) considered part of Francolinus, but now treated as separate based on data on morphology, sexual signaling, vocalizations, and genetics (Crowe et al. 1992, 2006a, 2006b, Kimball et al. 2011, Mandiwana-Neudani et al. 2011, 2014, 2018), which indicate that Francolinus as previously constituted was not monophyletic and that species of Pternistis are not Francolinus sensu stricto.

Change Francolinus erckelii to Pternistis erckelii and place the account for this species under the heading and Notes for Pternistis. Replace the existing Notes with the following: Formerly (e.g., AOU 1983, 1998) included in Francolinus. See comments under Pternistis.

After the heading and citation for Genus FRANCO- LINUS Stephens, add the following Notes:

Notes.—See comments under Pternistis.

4. [pp. 225–227] The hyphen is removed from the English name of 5 species of ground dove (Columbina passerina, C. minuta, C. talpacoti, Claravis pretiosa, and Paraclaravis [see below] mondetoura) and from the Notes of C. passerina and C. talpacoti, to conform to our guidelines for English names, because the species named “Ground Dove” do not form a monophyletic group (Sweet and Johnson 2015, Sweet et al. 2017).

5. [p. 227] Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences have shown that Claravis is not monophyletic. After the species account for Claravis pretiosa, insert the following heading, citation, and Notes:

 

Genus PARACLARAVIS Sangster et al.

Paraclaravis Sangster, Sweet, and Johnson, 2018, Zootaxa 4461: 136. Type, by original designation, Peristera mondetoura Bonaparte.

Notes.—Formerly (e.g., AOU 1983, 1998) considered part of Claravis but treated as separate on the basis of genetic data (Sweet and Johnson 2015, Sweet et al. 2017), which indicate that Claravis as previously constituted was not monophyletic and that species of Paraclaravis are not Claravis sensu stricto.

Change Claravis mondetoura to Paraclaravis mondetoura and place the account for this species under the heading and Notes for Paraclaravis. Replace the existing Notes with the following: Formerly placed in Claravis. See comments under Paraclaravis.

After the heading and citation for Genus CLARAVIS Oberholser, add the following Notes:

Notes.—See comments under Paraclaravis.

6. [pp. 246–252] Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences (Sorenson and Payne 2005, Hackett et al. 2008, Burleigh et al. 2015) have shown that our current linear sequence of subfamilies in the family Cuculidae does not reflect their evolutionary relationships.

After the heading Family CUCULIDAE: Cuckoos, replace the existing Notes with the following:

Notes.—Linear sequence of subfamilies and genera follows Sorenson and Payne (2005).

Rearrange the sequence of subfamilies and genera in the Cuculidae to:

Crotophaginae

Crotophaga

Neomorphinae

Tapera

Dromococcyx

Morococcyx

Geococcyx

Neomorphus

Cuculinae

Cuculus

Coccycua

Piaya

Coccyzus

7. [p. 248] After the species account for Coccycua minuta, insert the following new species account:

Coccycua pumila (Strickland). Dwarf Cuckoo.

Coccyzus pumilus Strickland, 1852, in Jardine’s Contributions to Ornithology, p. 28, pl. [83]. (Trinidad, error = Venezuela.)

Habitat.—Tropical Deciduous Forest, Gallery Forest, Secondary Forest, and Arid Lowland Scrub (0–1000 m, locally to 2600 m; Tropical and lower Subtropical Zones).

Distribution.—Resident in Colombia, Venezuela, and extreme northwestern Ecuador.

Accidental in eastern Panama (north of Yaviza, Darién, 1 February 2016; photos; van Dort and Komar 2018; and Rio Torti, eastern Panamá, 28–29 March 2017; photos; https://ebird.org/view/checklist/S35506003 and https://ebird.org/view/checklist/S39110072); sight report from Tocumen Marsh, eastern Panamá, 9 January 1979 (Braun and Wolf 1987).

Replace the first sentence of the Notes under the heading Genus COCCYCUA Lesson with: Includes C. pumila and extralimital species C. cinerea, both formerly (e.g., Payne 1997) placed in Coccyzus and C. minuta, formerly (e.g., AOU 1998) placed in Piaya.

8. [p. 248] After the species account for Coccyzus erythropthalmus, insert the following new species account:

Coccyzus lansbergi Bonaparte. Gray-capped Cuckoo.

Coccyzus lansbergi Bonaparte, 1850, Conspectus Generum Avium 1, p. 112. (Santa Fé de Bogotá.)

Habitat.—Tropical Deciduous Forest, Gallery Forest, Secondary Forest (0–900 m; Tropical Zone).

Distribution.—Reported from Venezuela and Colombia south through Ecuador and northern Peru west of the Andes; breeding confirmed in Ecuador and suspected in Peru, but possibly only a nonbreeding visitor in northern portions of range.

Casual in eastern Panama (Aruza Arriba, Darién, 6 and 12 August 2015; photos; van Dort and Komar 2017; Finca Bayano [La Jagua marsh], Panamá, 19–21 August 2017; photos; https://ebird.org/view/checklist/S38719088; and Finca Aguilar Gil, Coclé, Panamá, 11 July 2018; photos; https://ebird.org/view/checklist/S47159779); sight reports from Tocumen Marsh, eastern Panamá, and Cana, Darién (Braun and Wolf 1987). Sound recording from Vista Alegre Emberá, Darién, 29 July 2012 (http://ebird.org/view/checklist/S19187794).

9. [pp. 303–304] Change the English names of Lampornis amethystinus and L. clemenciae to Amethyst-throated Mountain-gem and Blue-throated Mountain-gem, respectively. These changes standardize the English group name of all species of Lampornis to Mountain-gem and reduce the prevalence of the English group name “hummingbird” across the family, thereby strengthening the association of these species with other species of Lampornis and emphasizing their distinctness relative to other species in the Trochilidae. Add the following sentence to the beginning of the Notes for L. amethystinus: Formerly (e.g., AOU 1983, 1998) known as Amethyst-throated Hummingbird. Add the following to the end of the species account for L. clemenciae:

Notes.—Formerly (e.g., AOU 1983, 1998) known as Blue-throated Hummingbird.

10. [p. 307] Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences (McGuire et al. 2014, Licona-Vera and Ornelas 2017) have shown that Calliphlox is polyphyletic. This finding results in the following changes:

After the heading Genus CALLIPHLOX Boie, insert the following Notes:

Notes.—See comments under Nesophlox.

After the species account for Mellisuga helenae, insert the following heading, citation, and Notes:

 

Genus NESOPHLOX Ridgway

Nesophlox Ridgway, 1910, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23: 55. Type, by original designation, Trochilus evelynae Bourcier.

Notes.—Formerly (e.g., AOU 1983, 1998) included in Calliphlox, but genetic data (McGuire et al. 2014, Licona-Vera and Ornelas 2017) indicate that Calliphlox as previously constituted was polyphyletic and that species of Nesophlox are not closely related to Calliphlox sensu stricto.

Change Calliphlox evelynae to Nesophlox evelynae and Calliphlox lyrura to Nesophlox lyrura, and move the accounts for these species to follow the heading, citation, and Notes for Nesophlox. Change the first sentence of the existing Notes for Nesophlox evelynae to “Formerly placed in Calliphlox.” and insert the following at the end of the existing Notes at the end of the species account: See comments under Nesophlox. Change the last sentence of the Notes for Nesophlox lyrura to “See comments under Nesophlox and N. evelynae.”

11. [p. 299] Amazilia hoffmanni is treated as a species separate from A. saucerottei. Delete the first sentence of the Notes under Amazilia cyanura. Remove the species account for A. saucerottei and replace it with the following new account:

Amazilia hoffmanni (Cabanis and Heine). Blue-vented Hummingbird.

Hemithylaca Hoffmanni Cabanis and Heine, 1860, Museum Heineanum, Th. 3, p. 38. (Costa Rica.)

Habitat.—Tropical Lowland Evergreen Forest Edge, Gallery Forest, Secondary Forest, Second-growth Scrub (0–1800 m; Tropical and Subtropical zones).

Distribution.—Resident in Middle America from western and southern Nicaragua south to southern Costa Rica (primarily on the Pacific slope and in the central plateau). Recently photographed in southern Honduras (records on eBird), but status and distribution there uncertain.

Notes.—Formerly (e.g., AOU 1983, 1998) considered conspecific with A. saucerottei (Delattre and Bourcier, 1846) [Steely-vented Hummingbird], but separated based on differences in vocalizations and behavior (Stiles and Skutch 1989), and phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences (McGuire et al. 2014, Jiménez and Ornelas 2016) that indicate that A. saucerottei as previously constituted was a polyphyletic species.

12. [pp. 144–149] Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences (Dos Remedios et al. 2015) have shown that our current linear sequence of species in the genus Charadrius does not reflect their evolutionary relationships.

After the heading and citations for Charadrius, insert the following:

Notes.—Linear sequence of species follows Dos Remedios et al. (2015).

Rearrange the sequence of species in Charadrius to:

Charadrius morinellus

Charadrius vociferus

Charadrius hiaticula

Charadrius semipalmatus

Charadrius melodus

Charadrius dubius

Charadrius mongolus

Charadrius leschenaultii

Charadrius veredus

Charadrius wilsonia

Charadrius collaris

Charadrius montanus

Charadrius nivosus

13. [p. 23] Records of Hydrobates pelagicus in the United States are recognized. Replace the second paragraph of the distributional statement with the following: Very rare off the Atlantic coast of North Carolina, primarily in late spring (Patteson et al. 2009, Howell 2012); one record from Florida (Kratter 2018). Accidental in Nova Scotia (Sable Island, 10 August 1970; McNeil and Burton 1971); an old specimen (USNM) from “Bay of Fundy” lacks further data.

14. [pp. 23–26] Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences (Penhallurick and Wink 2004, Robertson et al. 2011, Wallace et al. 2017) have shown that Oceanodroma is paraphyletic with respect to Hydrobates. The name Hydrobates has priority over Oceanodroma, and phylogenetic and taxonomic issues in Oceanodroma preclude dividing the genus at this time; therefore, all species of Oceanodroma are transferred to Hydrobates.

Delete the heading Genus OCEANODROMA Reichenbach, remove the citations from the synonymy of Oceanodroma and place them under the heading for Hydrobates, and insert the following Notes at the end of the synonymy of Hydrobates:

Notes.—Formerly (AOU 1983, 1998) included only the single species H. pelagicus, but genetic data (Penhallurick and Wink 2004, Robertson et al. 2011, Wallace et al. 2017) indicate that Oceanodroma as previously constituted was paraphyletic with respect to Hydrobates, resulting in the transfer of all species of Oceanodroma to Hydrobates, as in Dickinson and Remsen (2013).

Change the generic names of Oceanodroma hornbyi, O. monorhis, O. socorroensis, O. cheimomnestes, O. homochroa, O. castro, O. tethys, O. melania, O. markhami, O. tristrami, and O. microsoma to Hydrobates, change Oceanodroma furcata to Hydrobates furcatus, Oceanodroma leucorhoa to Hydrobates leucorhous, and Oceanodroma macrodactyla to Hydrobates macrodactylus, add parentheses around the authorities for H. macrodactylus and H. tristrami, make the appropriate changes in generic names or abbreviations within the existing Notes, and place the accounts for these species in the existing linear sequence to follow the species account for H. pelagicus.

For all species formerly in Oceanodroma, except H. castro, H. melania, and H. microsoma, insert the following as new Notes or add to the end of the existing Notes: Formerly placed in Oceanodroma. See comments under Hydrobates.

Replace the Notes for H. melania with the following:

Notes.—Formerly placed in Oceanodroma or Loomelania (e.g., AOU 1957). See comments under Hydrobates.

Replace the Notes for H. microsoma with the following:

Notes.—Formerly placed in Oceanodroma or Halocyptena (e.g., AOU 1957). See comments under Hydrobates.

15. [p. 25] Extralimital species Hydrobates monteiroi is separated from H. castro. In the species account for H. castro, change “(probably)” in the first sentence of the distributional statement to “(cool-season breeders only)” and insert the following at the beginning of the existing Notes:

Notes.—Formerly considered conspecific with H. monteiroi (Bolton, 2008) [Monteiro’s Storm-Petrel], but separated based on differences in vocalizations and response to playback (Bolton et al. 2007, 2008), genetics (Friesen et al. 2007, Smith et al. 2007, Silva et al. 2016, Wallace et al. 2017), molt (Bolton et al. 2008), and lack of mixing between hot- and cool-season breeding populations (Smith et al. 2007, Bolton et al. 2008, Silva et al. 2016). Formerly placed in Oceanodroma. See comments under Hydrobates.

16. [p. 13] Pterodroma gouldi is treated as a species separate from P. macroptera. Remove the species account for P. macroptera and replace it with the following new account.

Pterodroma gouldi (Hutton). Gray-faced Petrel.

Aestrelata gouldi Hutton, 1869, Ibis, p. 351. (New Zealand seas.)

Habitat.—Pelagic waters; nests on islands in burrows, scrapes, or crevices of rocks, under vegetation.

Distribution.—Breeds on offshore islets and headlands of North Island, New Zealand.

Ranges at sea in the subtropical and temperate southwestern Pacific, including the Tasman Sea.

Accidental off central California (Cordell Bank, off Marin County, 21 July and 24 August 1996; video and photos [Roberson et al. 1997, Rottenborn and Morlan 2000]; others photographed at Monterey Bay, 18 October 1998 [North Amer. Birds 53: 99, cover, 1999; Rogers and Jaramillo 2002]); off Santa Cruz County, 18 September 2010 [N. Am. Birds 65: 197] and 26 August 2011 [Nelson et al. 2013]; and off San Diego County, 18 December 2012 [N. Am. Birds 67: 368]).

Notes.—Formerly considered conspecific with P. macroptera (Smith, 1840) [Great-winged Petrel], but separated based on differences in vocalizations, genetics, and life history, following Wood et al. (2017).

17. [pp. 35–36] Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA (Kennedy and Spencer 2004) has shown that our current linear sequence of species in the family Fregatidae does not reflect their evolutionary relationships.

After the heading Family FREGATIDAE: Frigatebirds, insert the following:

Notes.—Linear sequence of species follows Kennedy and Spencer (2004).

Rearrange the sequence of species in the Fregatidae to:

Fregata ariel

Fregata magnificens Fregata minor

18. [p. 28] Records of Sula granti in the United States are recognized. Add the following new paragraph to the end of the distributional statement:

Casual off California, where apparently increasing (McCaskie et al. 2018), and Hawaii. Accidental in Alaska (off East Amatuli Island, Barren Islands, 30 August 2017; photos; Gibson et al. 2018).

19. [p. 98] Records of Buteogallus urubitinga in the United States are recognized. Add the following new paragraph to the end of the distributional statement:

Accidental in Texas (South Padre Island, Cameron County, 24 April 2018; photos; Pyle et al. 2018) and in Maine (same bird as Texas record, identified by comparison of feathers in photos [Pyle et al. 2018], at Biddeford and at Portland, 7–9 August 2018 and 29 October 2018–20 January 2019; photos, Pyle et al. 2018). The bird died in a rehabilitation center on 31 January 2019 and is being preserved as a mount at the Maine State Museum in Augusta.

20. [p. 256] Megascops centralis is treated as a species separate from M. guatemalae. In the account for M. guatemalae, change the English name to Middle American Screech-Owl, change the distributional statement of the vermiculatus group to “[vermiculatus group] from northeastern Costa Rica (and probably more widely within Costa Rica) to the northwestern Caribbean coast of Panama”, and change the second sentence of the Notes to: See comments under M. centralis.

After the account for M. guatemalae, insert the following new species account:

Megascops centralis Hekstra. Choco Screech-Owl.

Megascops guatemalae centralis Hekstra, 1982, Bulletin Zoölogisch Museum Universiteit van Amsterdam 9 (7): 57. (Cerro Mali, Darien, Panama.)

Habitat.—Montane Evergreen Forest and Secondary Forest (0–1100 m; Tropical and lower Subtropical Zone).

Distribution.—Central Panama (and perhaps north to southwestern Costa Rica) through western Colombia and southwestern Ecuador.

Notes.—Formerly considered conspecific with M. guatemalae but separated on the basis of differences in vocalizations (Krabbe 2017), following Remsen et al. (2019).

21. [pp. 316–317] Trogon aurantiiventris is treated as a subspecies of T. collaris. Remove the species account for T. aurantiiventris. In the distributional statement for T. collaris, insert the following after the distribution of the puella group: “[aurantiiventris group] in the mountains of Costa Rica and western and central Panama (east to western Panamá province);”. Change the Notes under T. collaris to:

Notes.—Groups: T. puella Gould, 1845 [Xalapa Trogon], T. aurantiiventris Gould, 1856 [Orange-bellied Trogon], and T. collaris [Collared Trogon]. Subspecies aurantiiventris formerly considered a separate species but merged with T. collaris based on similarities in plumage (Salvin and Godman 1896, Wetmore 1968, Ridgely 1976, Stiles and Skutch 1989) and vocalizations (Stiles and Skutch 1989), and genetic data (DaCosta and Klicka 2008) that indicate that Central American collaris is more closely related to aurantiiventris than to South American collaris. Some (e.g., Ridgely 1976, Stiles and Skutch 1989, Collar 2019) have suggested that aurantiiventris is a local color morph of collaris and not a valid taxon.

22. [p. 234] Psittacara brevipes is treated as a species separate from P. holochlorus. Replace the existing Notes for P. holochlorus with:

Notes.—Groups: P. holochlorus [Green Parakeet] and P. rubritorquis (Sclater, 1887) [Red-throated Parakeet]. Howell and Webb (1995) treated the 2 groups as separate species. Formerly (AOU 1983, 1998) considered conspecific with P. brevipes, but separated based on vocal (Howell and Webb 1995), morphological (Martínez-Gomez et al. 2017), and genetic (Schweizer et al. 2014, Urantowka et al. 2014, Martínez-Gomez et al. 2017) differences.

After the account for P. holochlorus, insert the following new species account:

Psittacara brevipes (Lawrence). Socorro Parakeet.

Conurus holochlorus var. brevipes “Baird MS.” Lawrence 1871, Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 10: 14. (Socorro Island.)

Habitat.—Tropical Deciduous Forest (0–1000 m).

Distribution.—Socorro Island, in the Revillagigedos.

Notes.—See comments under P. holochlorus.

23. [pp. 232, 694] Melopsittacus undulatus has become extirpated in North America (Pranty 2015), more than 50 y after establishment of an introduced population in central Florida. Remove the heading Subfamily LORIINAE: Lories and Allies, the heading and citation for Melopsittacus, and the species account from the main list, and add an account for this species in the Appendix (part 1), after the account for Amazona amazonica, as follows:

Melopsittacus undulatus (Shaw). Budgerigar.

Psittacus undulatus Shaw, 1805, in Shaw and Nodder, Naturalists’ Miscellany 16: pl. 673. (New Holland = New South Wales, Australia.)

A population of this Australian species was introduced and seemingly well-established along the Gulf Coast of central Florida by the late 1950s, but was extirpated as of 2014 (Pranty 2015). Recent reports from Florida and elsewhere likely represent birds escaped from captivity.

24. [p. 431] Vocal data (Bond 1950, 1961, Barlow 1990) indicate that the subspecies Vireo crassirostris approximans is more closely related to V. pallens than to V. crassirostris. Change the distributional statement and Notes of V. crassirostris to:

Distribution.—Resident in the Bahamas (virtually throughout, even small islands), northern cays off Cuban mainland, including Cayo Coco and Cayo Paredón Grande, Cayman Islands, and Tortue Island (off Hispaniola).

Casual in southern Florida (north to Indian River County; a sight report for Pinellas County).

Notes.—Formerly included subspecies approximans, now placed in V. pallens on the basis of vocalizations (Bond 1950, 1961, Barlow 1990), which indicate a close relationship with V. pallens.

Insert the distribution for the approximans group into the distributional statement of V. pallens, after the distribution of the pallens group. Replace the existing Notes with the following:

Notes.—Groups: V. pallens [Mangrove Vireo]; V. approximans Ridgway, 1884 [Providencia Vireo]; and V. semiflavus Salvin, 1863 [Maya Vireo]. Considered by Hellmayr (1935) to be conspecific with V. griseus. See comments under V. griseus and V. crassirostris.

25. [pp. 454–463] Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences (Sheldon et al. 2005) have shown that our linear sequence of species in the family Hirundinidae does not reflect their evolutionary relationships. These findings result in the following changes:

Add the following notes under the heading Family HIRUNDINIDAE: Swallows:

Notes.—Linear sequence of species follows Sheldon et al. (2005).

Rearrange the sequence of species in the Hirundinidae to:

Riparia riparia

Tachycineta bicolor

Tachycineta cyaneoviridis

Tachycineta thalassina

Tachycineta euchrysea

Tachycineta albilinea

Atticora pileata

Atticora tibialis

Pygochelidon cyanoleuca

Stelgidopteryx serripennis

Stelgidopteryx ruficollis

Progne sinaloae

Progne tapera

Progne dominicensis

Progne subis

Progne cryptoleuca

Progne chalybea

Progne elegans

Hirundo rustica

Delichon urbicum

Petrochelidon pyrrhonota

Petrochelidon fulva

26. [p. 493] Polioptila albiventris is treated as species separate from P. albiloris. Replace the existing Notes for P. albiloris with:

Notes.— Formerly (e.g., AOU 1983, 1998) considered conspecific with P. albiventris, but separated based on differences in vocalizations (Davis 1972) and nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences (Smith et al. 2018) that show that P. albiloris is paraphyletic with respect to P. albiventris.

In the account for P. albiloris, delete “also disjunctly on the Yucatan Peninsula (questionably recorded also from Cozumel Island)” from the distributional statement.

After the account for P. albiloris, insert the following new species account:

Polioptila albiventris Lawrence. Yucatan Gnatcatcher.

Polioptila albiventris Lawrence, 1885, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 3: 273. (Temax, Yucatán, Mexico.)

Habitat.—Tropical Deciduous Forest and Arid Lowland Scrub (0–100 m; Tropical Zone).

Distribution.—Resident on the northern Yucatan Peninsula (questionably recorded also from Cozumel Island).

Notes.—See comments under P. albiloris.

27. [pp. 513–514] The family Leiothrichidae is recognized. All species previously placed in the Timaliidae are transferred to this new family, resulting in the following changes:

Remove the heading Family TIMALIIDAE: Babblers, and the Notes under this heading, and insert the following new heading and Notes:

 

Family LEIOTHRICHIDAE: Laughingthrushes

Notes.—Formerly (AOU 1983, 1998) included in the family Timaliidae, but genetic data (Gelang et al. 2009, Moyle et al. 2012, Cai et al. 2019) indicate that the Timaliidae consists of three deeply divergent clades, now generally recognized at the family level, following Fregin et al. (2012).

Insert the following sentence at the end of the existing Notes for Garrulax pectoralis, G. canorus, and Leiothrix lutea: See comments under Leiothrichidae.

28. [p. 490] After the heading and Notes for Family ACROCEPHALIDAE: Reed Warblers, insert the following new heading and citation:

 

Genus ARUNDINAX Blyth

Arundinax Blyth, 1845, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14: 595. Type, by monotypy, Ar[undinax] olivaceus = Muscicapa Aëdon Pallas.

After the heading and citation for Genus ARUNDINAX Blyth, insert the following new species account:

Arundinax aedon (Pallas). Thick-billed Warbler.

Muscicapa Aëdon Pallas, 1776, Reise Verschiedene Provinzen Russischen Reichs 3, p. 695. (Dauria = southeastern Transbaikalia, eastern Siberia.)

Habitat.—A variety of habitats with thick shrubbery and luxuriant undergrowth, largely avoiding wetlands; in migration and in winter, also dense scrub with undergrowth.

Distribution.—Breeds from western Siberia from the Ob River basin east through the Russian Far East to the Amur River basin and Ussuriland and south to northern Mongolia and northeastern China.

Winters from southern Nepal and southwestern peninsular India; northern and eastern India including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands through Indochina, rarely to northern Malaya, with small numbers to southern Yunnan, rarely to coastal southern China.

Migrates through Mongolia, the Gobi Desert, and coastal China.

Casual in Korea, Japan, and Western Europe, including Fennoscandia and Great Britain. Accidental in Sinai Peninsula, Egypt.

Accidental in western Alaska (Gambell, St. Lawrence Island, 8–13 September 2017; photos; Rosenberg et al. 2018).

29. [p. 489] After the account for Locustella ochotensis, insert the following new species account:

Locustella fluviatilis (Wolf). River Warbler.

Sylvia fluviatilis Wolf, 1810, in B. Meyer and Wolf, Taschenbuch Deutschen Vögelkunde, p. 229. (Danube, Austria.)

Habitat.—Moist, low vegetation along streams and river floodplains, and in wooded swamps; in migration and winter, in dense undergrowth.

Distribution.—Breeds from southern Sweden, central Germany, eastern Austria, and northern Romania east to western Siberia east to the Irtyish River and south to western Kazakhstan.

Winters in East Africa from southeastern Kenya to northeastern South Africa.

Migrates through the Middle East and northeastern Africa, rarely west to the eastern Mediterranean. Rare or casual in Western Europe, including the British Isles. Casual to Iceland and northwestern Africa.

Accidental in western Alaska (Gambell, St. Lawrence Island, 7 October 2017; photos; Lehman 2018).

30. [p. 497] After the account for Copsychus malabaricus, insert the following new heading and citation:

 

Genus ERITHACUS Cuvier

Erithacus Cuvier, 1800, Leçons d’anatomie comparée, 1, tab. 2. Type, by monotypy, Motacilla Rubecula Linnaeus.

After the heading and citation for Genus ERITHACUS Cuvier, insert the following new species account:

Erithacus rubecula (Linnaeus). European Robin.

Motacilla Rubecula Linnaeus, 1758, Systema Naturae, ed. 10, 1, p. 188. (Europe = Sweden, vide Linnaeus, 1746, Fauna Svecica, no. 232.)

Habitat.—Mesic woodlands with some dense vegetation and open areas; various types of forest, but also gardens and parks.

Distribution.—Breeds from Western Europe east to central Siberia in the upper Ob River basin and south to montane North Africa, Greece, Turkey, and northern Iran.

Winters in much of western and southern breeding range; withdraws from Fennoscandia and Russia. Winters south to around Mediterranean basin and to Kazakhstan, Iraq, and Iran. Small numbers winter to Kuwait and the northern Sahara, more rarely to Dubai.

Resident in the Azores, Madeira, and the Canary Islands.

Rare visitor to Iceland (over 1,000 records). Casual to Jordan, Oman, northern Pakistan, northern India (Poonch), and Japan. Accidental on Jan Mayen.

Accidental in southeastern Pennsylvania (North Wales, Bucks County, 21 February–7 March 2015; photos; Pyle et al. 2018). Previous reports (e.g, from New York City) presumed to pertain to birds escaped from captivity.

31. [p. 497] After the account for Oenanthe oenanthe, insert the following new species account:

Oenanthe pleschanka (Lepechin). Pied Wheatear.

Motacilla pleschanka Lepechin, 1770, Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae, 14: 503, pl. 14, fig. 2. (Saratov, lower Volga.)

Habitat.—Desolate stony terrain with scattered boulders, barren mountain slopes and cliffs; sometimes also railway embankments, even settlements; also grazed fields and bare areas, especially in migration and winter.

Distribution.—Breeds from the Black Sea region from eastern Romania, eastern Bulgaria, and southern Ukraine east discontinuously to Transbaikalia, southern Siberia, and eastern Mongolia, and south to eastern Turkey, northern Iran, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kashmir, and northern China. Historical breeding records for the former Yugoslavia and Greece.

Winters in South Yemen and northeastern Africa (Ethiopia and Eritrea) south to eastern Uganda, Kenya, and northeastern Tanzania. A few overwinter in Egypt.

Migrates through northern Pakistan and the Middle East, mainly east of Jordan, rarely west to Israel.

Casual in Europe (nearly annual in Great Britain), Libya, Malta, South Africa, India, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and Japan.

Accidental in western Alaska (Cape Nome, Seward Peninsula, 4 July–4 August 2017; Gibson et al. 2018).

Notes.—Oenanthe cypriaca (Homeyer, 1884) [Cyprus Wheatear], an endemic breeder on Cyprus, was formerly treated as a subspecies of O. pleschanka. Oenanthe hispanica (Linnaeus, 1758) [Black-eared Wheatear] has also been treated as a subspecies of O. pleschanka.

32. [p. 507] After the heading Genus TURDUS Linnaeus, insert the following new species account:

Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus. Mistle Thrush.

Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus, 1758, Systema Naturae, ed. 10, p. 168. (Europa; restricted to Essex, England, by Brit. Orn. Union List Comm., 1948, Ibis, p. 320; further restricted to Berechurch, near Colchester, Essex, southeastern England, by Clancey, 1950, Ibis, p. 338.)

Habitat.—Various types of open woodlands, orchards, parks, gardens, forest edge, and, in some parts of range, almost treeless areas; in winter, to more open areas, including fields, pastures, and farmland.

Distribution.—Breeds from the British Isles, southeastern Norway, Sweden, Finland, and much of western Russia east to eastern Siberia (Yenisei River) and northwestern China, and south to Portugal, Spain, North Africa, southern Italy and Sicily, northern Iraq, northwestern Iran, northern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and northern India to central Nepal.

Winters in much of western, southern, and Himalayan breeding range; withdraws from Poland, the Baltics, Fennoscandia, and Russia. Winters south to North Africa and central Israel.

Rare in Iceland. Casual in the Azores, Saudi Arabia, and Japan.

Accidental in New Brunswick (Miramichi, 9 December 2017–24 March 2018; photos; Pyle et al. 2018).

33. [p. 661] After the account for Carpodacus erythrinus, insert the following new species account:

Carpodacus roseus (Pallas). Pallas’s Rosefinch.

Fringilla rosea Pallas, 1776, Reise Verschiedene Provinzen Russischen Reichs 3, p. 699. (Uda and Selenga Rivers, Transbaikalia.)

Habitat.—Northern taiga zone in conifer, birch, and cedar forest, and alpine meadows, up to ca. 3000 m; in winter, in deciduous woods or thickets, often around farmlands, and aspens near water.

Distribution.—Breeds from south-central Siberia from the Yenisei basin and the southeastern Altai northeast through the Lena and Yana Rivers to about 68 degrees north, and east to the Kolyma River and to the Sea of Okhotsk, south through the Sayan ranges to the Tamu-Ola Mountains, and northern Mongolia, northwest through the Stanov range, northern Hopeh, China (possibly), northern Amurland, and Sakhalin.

Winters in the southern part of the breeding range and south to northern China (to about the Yangtze River), southeastern Mongolia, and central Honshu, Japan. Rare west to the Tomsk region of Russia and south to northeastern Kazakhstan.

Casual in the western Palearctic. Accepted records include European Russia, Ukraine, and Hungary; numerous other records from northwestern Europe are treated as suspect on origin (Haas et al. 2013). A record from Hong Kong has also been questioned on origin (Carey et al. 2001).

Accidental in western Alaska (St. Paul Island, Pribilofs, 20–24 September 2015; immature male; photo; Pranty et al. 2016, Tobish 2017, Gibson et al. 2018).

34. [p. 600] Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences (Klicka et al. 2014) have shown that Atlapetes is paraphyletic with respect to Pselliophorus. These findings result in the following changes:

Delete the heading Genus PSELLIOPHORUS Ridgway and the Notes under this heading, and move the citation for Pselliophorus into the synonymy of Atlapetes.

Change Pselliophorus tibialis to Atlapetes tibialis and Pselliophorus luteoviridis to Atlapetes luteoviridis, add parentheses around the authority for A. luteoviridis, make the appropriate changes in generic names or abbreviations within the existing Notes of A. luteoviridis, change the English name of A. tibialis to Yellow-thighed Brushfinch and the English name of A. luteoviridis to Yellow-green Brushfinch, and change the second and third sentences of the Notes under Atlapetes to “See comments under Buarremon and A. tibialis.” Replace the existing Notes for A. tibialis with the following:

Notes.—Formerly, with A. luteoviridis, included in Pselliophorus, but genetic data (Klicka et al. 2014) indicate that Atlapetes as previously constituted was paraphyletic with respect to Pselliophorus. See comments under Atlapetes.

35. [pp. 570–571, 600–626] Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences (Klicka et al. 2014) have shown that our current linear sequence of species in the family Passerellidae does not reflect their evolutionary relationships. These findings result in the following changes:

Add the following sentence to the end of the Notes under the heading Family PASSERELLIDAE: New World Sparrows: Linear sequence of species follows Klicka et al. (2014).

Delete the first sentence of the Notes under Pezopetes, and delete the second sentence of the Notes under Zonotrichia.

Rearrange the sequence of species in the Passerellidae to:

Chlorospingus flavigularis

Chlorospingus canigularis

Chlorospingus pileatus

Chlorospingus flavopectus

Chlorospingus tacarcunae

Chlorospingus inornatus

Peucaea carpalis

Peucaea sumichrasti

Peucaea ruficauda

Peucaea humeralis

Peucaea mystacalis

Peucaea botterii

Peucaea cassinii

Peucaea aestivalis

Ammodramus savannarum

Arremonops rufivirgatus

Arremonops chloronotus

Arremonops conirostris

Amphispiza quinquestriata

Amphispiza bilineata

Chondestes grammacus

Calamospiza melanocorys

Spizella passerina

Spizella pallida

Spizella atrogularis

Spizella pusilla

Spizella breweri

Spizella wortheni

Arremon costaricensis

Arremon atricapillus

Arremon aurantiirostris

Arremon virenticeps

Arremon brunneinucha

Arremon crassirostris

Passerella iliaca

Spizelloides arborea

Junco vulcani

Junco insularis

Junco hyemalis

Junco phaeonotus

Junco bairdi

Zonotrichia capensis

Zonotrichia leucophrys

Zonotrichia atricapilla

Zonotrichia querula

Zonotrichia albicollis

Artemisiospiza nevadensis

Artemisiospiza belli

Oriturus superciliosus

Pooecetes gramineus

Ammospiza leconteii

Ammospiza maritima

Ammospiza nelsoni

Ammospiza caudacuta

Centronyx bairdii

Centronyx henslowii

Passerculus sandwichensis

Xenospiza baileyi

Melospiza melodia

Melospiza lincolnii

Melospiza georgiana

Pezopetes capitalis

Torreornis inexpectata

Melozone kieneri

Melozone fusca

Melozone albicollis

Melozone aberti

Melozone crissalis

Melozone leucotis

Melozone biarcuata

Melozone cabanisi

Aimophila rufescens

Aimophila ruficeps

Aimophila notosticta

Pipilo chlorurus

Pipilo maculatus

Pipilo erythrophthalmus

Pipilo ocai

Atlapetes pileatus

Atlapetes albinucha

Atlapetes tibialis

Atlapetes luteoviridis

36. [p. 655] Records of Icterus abeillei in the United States are treated as likely pertaining to a naturally occurring vagrant. Add the following new paragraph to the end of the distributional statement:

Accidental in Pennsylvania (adult male at Reading, Berks County, 26 January–10 April 2017; photos; Slater 2018), Massachusetts (Sutton, Worcester County, 7–8 May 2017; photos; likely the same bird fidePyle et al. 2018), and Connecticut (Stamford, Fairfield County, 14 May 2017; Pyle et al. 2018). This bird was accepted by the Pennsylvania Ornithological Records Committee and the ABA Checklist Committee (Pyle et al. 2018), but the Massachusetts Avian Records Committee rejected their record on grounds of provenance (Williams and Trimble 2018). Previous reports from southern California were also rejected based on uncertain origin (California Bird Records Committee 2007).

37. [pp. 534–537] Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences (Lovette et al. 2010) have shown that species currently placed in Oreothlypis form 2 deeply divergent clades consistent with long-recognized phenotypic differences. Their findings result in the following changes:

After the species account for Oreothlypis gutturalis, insert the following heading, citation, and Notes:

 

Genus LEIOTHLYPIS Sangster

Leiothlypis Sangster, 2008, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 128: 210. Type, by original designation, Sylvia peregrina Wilson.

Notes.—Formerly considered part of Vermivora (e.g., AOU 1983, 1998) or Oreothlypis (Chesser et al. 2009), but treated as separate (e.g., as in Remsen et al. 2019) on the basis of genetic data (Lovette et al. 2010) that indicate that species in Oreothlypis form two deeply divergent clades consistent with long-recognized phenotypic differences, and that species in Leiothlypis are not closely related to Vermivora sensu stricto. Linear sequence of species follows Lovette et al. (2010).

Change the generic names of Oreothlypis peregrina, O. celata, O. crissalis, O. luciae, O. ruficapilla, and O. virginiae to Leiothlypis; make the appropriate changes in generic names or abbreviations within the existing Notes; and place the accounts for these species under the heading and Notes for Leiothlypis. In the Notes under each species, change “Formerly (AOU 1983, 1998) placed in the genus Vermivora; see comments under Oreothlypis” to “Formerly placed in Vermivora (e.g., AOU 1983, 1998) or in Oreothlypis (Chesser et al. 2009); see comments under Leiothlypis”.

Change the Notes under the heading Genus OREOTHLYPIS Ridgway to:

Notes.—Molecular studies (Avise et al. 1980, Lovette and Bermingham 2002, Klein et al. 2004, Lovette and Hochachka 2006, Lovette et al. 2010) indicate that gutturalis and superciliosa are not closely related to the 2 species, Setophaga americana and S. pitiayumi, with which they were formerly grouped in the genus Parula. See comments under Leiothlypis.

Change the Notes under the heading Genus VERMIVORA Swainson to:

Notes.—Formerly (e.g., AOU 1983, 1998) included six species (peregrina, celata, ruficapilla, virginiae, crissalis, and luciae) now placed in Leiothlypis. See comments under Leiothlypis.

38. [p. 636] Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences (Bryson et al. 2014) have shown that Cyanocompsa is paraphyletic with respect to Cyanoloxia. After the species account for Amaurospiza concolor, insert the following heading, citation, and Notes:

 

Genus CYANOLOXIA Bonaparte

Cyanoloxia Bonaparte, 1850, Conspectus Generum Avium 1, p. 502. Type, by subsequent designation (Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 105), Pyrrhula glauco-caerulea d’Orbigny and Lafresnaye.

Notes.—Formerly (e.g., AOU 1983, 1998) considered part of Cyanocompsa, but now treated as separate on the basis of genetic data (Bryson et al. 2014) that indicate that Cyanocompsa as previously constituted was not monophyletic and that species of Cyanoloxia are not Cyanocompsa sensu stricto.

Change Cyanocompsa cyanoides to Cyanoloxia cyanoides and place the account for this species under the heading and Notes for Cyanoloxia.

After the heading and citation for Genus CYANOCOMPSA Cabanis, change the Notes to:

Notes.—Species in Cyanocompsa and Cyanoloxia are sometimes placed in Passerina (Phillips et al. 1964, Paynter and Storer 1970). See comments under Cyanoloxia.

39. [p. 636] Extralimital species Cyanoloxia rothschildii is separated from C. cyanoides. In the species account for C. cyanoides, change the distributional statement and Notes to:

Distribution.—Resident from southern Veracruz, northern Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas, southern Campeche, and southern Quintana Roo south on the Gulf-Caribbean slope of Central America to Nicaragua, on both slopes of Costa Rica (except the dry northwest) and Panama, and in South America, west of the Andes, from northern Venezuela and northern Colombia south to extreme northwestern Peru.

Notes.—Formerly considered conspecific with C. rothschildii (Bartlett, 1890) [Amazonian Grosbeak] but separated based on differences in plumage, morphometrics, vocalizations, and genetics (Bryson et al. 2014, García et al. 2016), following Remsen et al. (2019). Formerly (e.g., AOU 1983, 1998) included in Cyanocompsa. See comments under Cyanocompsa.

40. [pp. 586–588, 594–595] Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences (Burns et al. 2014) have shown that generic limits in the Thraupidae do not accurately reflect their evolutionary relationships. These findings result in the following changes:

After the species account for Paroaria capitata, insert the following heading, citation, and Notes:

 

Genus IXOTHRAUPIS Bonaparte

Ixothraupis Bonaparte, 1851, Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée, p. 143. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray 1855), Tanagra punctata Linnaeus.

Notes.—Formerly synonymized with Tangara, but genetic data (Burns et al. 2014) indicate that Tangara as previously constituted was paraphyletic with respect to Thraupis, and that species placed in Ixothraupis are not Tangara sensu stricto.

Change Tangara guttata to Ixothraupis guttata, place the account for this species under the heading and Notes for Ixothraupis, and change the second sentence of the existing Notes to: See comments under Chlorothraupis olivacea and Ixothraupis.

After the species account for Ixothraupis guttata, insert the following heading, citation, and Notes:

 

Genus POECILOSTREPTUS Burns et al.

Poecilostreptus Burns, Unitt, and Mason, 2016, Zootaxa 4088: 343. Type, by original designation, Calospiza palmeri Hellmayr.

Notes.—Species in Poecilostreptus were formerly placed in Tangara, but genetic data (Burns et al. 2014) indicate that Tangara as previously constituted was paraphyletic with respect to Thraupis, and that Poecilostreptus palmeri is not closely related to Tangara sensu stricto. Poecilostreptus cabanisi was not included in Burns et al. (2014) but is presumed to be sister to P. palmeri based on similarities in plumage, habitat, and voice (Isler and Isler 1999).

Change Tangara palmeri to Poecilostreptus palmeri and Tangara cabanisi to Poecilostreptus cabanisi, place the accounts for these species in this sequence under the heading and Notes for Poecilostreptus, and insert the following Notes at the end of the species account for P. palmeri and at the end of the existing Notes for P. cabanisi:

Notes.—See comments under Poecilostreptus.

After the species account for Thraupis palmarum, insert the following heading, citation, and Notes:

 

Genus STILPNIA Burns et al.

Stilpnia Burns, Unitt, and Mason, 2016, Zootaxa 4088: 343. Type, by original designation, Aglaia cyanoptera Swainson.

Notes.—Species in Stilpnia were formerly placed in Tangara, but genetic data (Burns et al. 2014) indicate that Tangara is paraphyletic with respect to Thraupis, and that these species are not closely related to Tangara sensu stricto.

Change Tangara larvata to Stilpnia larvata and Tangara cucullata to Stilpnia cucullata, place the accounts for these species in this sequence under the heading and Notes for Stilpnia, delete “; they constitute a superspecies (Storer 1969)” from the existing Notes for S. larvata, and add the following to the end of the existing Notes for both species: See comments under Stilpnia.

At the end of the Notes under Genus TANGARA Brisson, add the following sentence: See Notes under Ixothraupis, Poecilostreptus, and Stilpnia.

After the species account for Loxipasser anoxanthus, insert the following heading, citation, and Notes:

 

Genus PHONIPARA Bonaparte

Phonipara Bonaparte, 1850, Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Sciences [Paris] 31(12): 424. Type, by subsequent designation, Loxia canora Gmelin.

Notes.—See comments under Phonipara canora.

Change Tiaris canorus to Phonipara canora, place the account for this species under the heading and Notes for Phonipara, and insert the following at the beginning of the existing Notes for this species:

Notes.—Formerly placed in Tiaris, but genetic data (Burns et al. 2014) indicate that P. canora is more closely related to a clade consisting largely of a variety of finches, including Darwin’s finches, than to Tiaris sensu stricto.

Change Tiaris bicolor to Melanospiza bicolor, move the account for this species to follow the heading and citation for Genus MELANOSPIZA Ridgway, and insert the following Notes at the end of the species account:

Notes.—Formerly placed in Tiaris, but genetic data (Burns et al. 2014) indicate that it is sister to Melanospiza richardsoni.

41. [pp. 685–698] Update the scientific and English names of species in the Appendix to conform to current general usage, as follows: transfer Acestrura heliodor to Chaetocercus, transfer Hoploxypterus cayanus to Vanellus, change the English name of Pterodroma defilippiana to Masatierra Petrel, transfer Parus varius to Sittiparus and add parentheses around the authority for this species, change Garrulax caerulatus to Ianthocincla caerulata, and change the English name of Acridotheres javanicus to Javan Myna.

42. [p. 688] Delete the account for Phalacrocorax kenyoni, which is a junior synonym of P. pelagicus (Rohwer et al. 2000), from the Appendix.

43. [p. 690] Delete the account for Circus aeruginosus from the Appendix. This species was moved to the main list in Banks et al. (2005) but had not been removed from the Appendix.

44. [p. 694] Delete the accounts for Coccyzus pumilus and Coccyzus lansbergi from the Appendix.

45. [p. 694] Before the account for Phaethornis yaruqui in the Appendix (part 1), insert the following new account:

Apus nipalensis (Hodgson). House Swift.

Cypselus Nipalensis Hodgson, 1836, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5: 780. (Central region of Nepal.)

A partially desiccated carcass of this largely resident Asian species was found at the Global Container Terminal at Deltaport, Ladner, British Columbia, on 18 May 2012 (Szabo et al. 2017). The origin of this individual is questionable, and it may well have died on a trans-Pacific container ship before entering North American waters (Hentze 2018, Pyle et al. 2018).

46. [p. 697] Before the account for Acridotheres cristatellus in the Appendix (part 1), insert the following new account:

Spodiopsar cineraceus (Temminck). White-cheeked Starling.

Sturnus cineraceus Temminck, 1835, Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées, livr. 94, pl. 556. (Japan.)

An individual of this migratory Asian species was present at Tofino, British Columbia, 27–29 April 2016 (Hentze 2018, Pyle et al. 2018). Photographs of the bird seem to show that it was missing a right hind toe, suggesting that the bird had been in captivity (Pyle et al. 2018). Another individual of this species, believed to have arrived on a ship from Japan, was present at Homer Spit, Alaska, 1–6 June 1998 (Pyle et al. 2018).

47. [p. 698] After the account for Lagonosticta rubricata in the Appendix (part 1), insert the following new account:

Montifringilla nivalis (Linnaeus). White-winged Snowfinch.

Fringilla nivalis Linnaeus, 1766, Systema Naturae, ed. 12, p. 321. (Switzerland.)

An individual of this Eurasian species was trapped west of Havana, Cuba, on 12 February 2014, and kept alive for 2 months until it died (Castaneda et al. 2017). The individual was stated to be in “prebasic plumage” when trapped, but had molted into “definite basic plumage” by the time it had died; photos were included in the publication. Although Castaneda et al. (2017) considered the bird to have arrived in Cuba through natural vagrancy, Cuba abounds with birds in captivity and it seems much more likely that an individual of this high-elevation Eurasian species escaped from captivity. Moreover, the molt pattern and timing seem inconsistent with those of a wild passerine of the north temperate zone.

48. [pp. 698–700] Add English names for 3 species in the Appendix (part 2), following Audubon (1838) and Hume (2017):

Anas breweri Audubon. Brewer’s Duck.

Lophortyx leucoprosopon Reichenow. Reichenow’s Quail.

Thaumatias lerdi d’Oca. Lerdo’s Hummingbird.

49. [pp. 685–703] Change the linear sequence of species in the Appendix to conform to the linear sequence of non-passerine orders adopted for the main list in Chesser et al. (2016), and to the current linear sequences within orders, as follows:

Part 1. Species reported from the A.O.S. Check-list area with insufficient evidence for placement on the main list.

Anser indicus Latham. Bar-headed Goose.

Branta ruficollis (Pallas). Red-breasted Goose.

Aix galericulata (Linnaeus). Mandarin Duck.

Netta rufina (Pallas). Red-crested Pochard.

Aythya baeri (Radde). Baer’s Pochard.

Aythya nyroca (Güldenstädt). Ferruginous Duck.

Phoenicopterus chilensis Molina. Chilean Flamingo.

Apus nipalensis (Hodgson). House Swift.

Phaethornis yaruqui (Bourcier). White-whiskered Hermit.

Anthracothorax viridigula (Boddaert). Green- throated Mango.

Chaetocercus heliodor (Bourcier). Gorgeted Woodstar.

Chlorostilbon mellisugus (Linnaeus). Blue-tailed Emerald.

Amazilia brevirostris (Lesson). White-chested Emerald.

Amazilia tobaci (Gmelin). Copper-rumped Hummingbird.

Anthropoides virgo (Linnaeus). Demoiselle Crane.

Grus monacha Temminck. Hooded Crane.

Vanellus cayanus (Latham). Pied Lapwing.

Charadrius pecuarius Temminck. Kittlitz’s Plover.

Gallinago media (Latham). Great Snipe.

Stercorarius chilensis Bonaparte. Chilean Skua.

Cepphus carbo Pallas. Spectacled Guillemot.

Chroicocephalus genei Brème. Slender-billed Gull.

Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae Stevens. Silver Gull.

Sterna sumatrana Raffles. Black-naped Tern.

Sterna trudeaui Audubon. Snowy-crowned Tern.

Spheniscus mendiculus Sundevall. Galapagos Penguin.

Thalassarche chrysostoma (Forster). Gray-headed Albatross.

Oceanites gracilis (Elliot). Elliot’s Storm-Petrel.

Fregetta grallaria (Vieillot). White-bellied Storm-Petrel.

Macronectes giganteus (Gmelin). Southern Giant-Petrel.

Fulmarus glacialoides (Smith). Southern Fulmar.

Daption capense (Linnaeus). Cape Petrel.

Pterodroma alba (Gmelin). Phoenix Petrel.

Pterodroma defilippiana (Giglioli and Salvadori). Masatierra Petrel.

Procellaria cinerea Gmelin. Gray Petrel.

Ciconia ciconia (Linnaeus). White Stork.

Phalacrocorax perspicillatus Pallas. Pallas’s Cormorant.

Phalacrocorax bougainvillii (Lesson). Guanay Cormorant.

Phalacrocorax gaimardi (Lesson and Garnot). Red-legged Cormorant.

Threskiornis aethiopicus (Latham). Sacred Ibis.

Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin). Booted Eagle.

Accipiter nisus (Linnaeus). Eurasian Sparrowhawk.

Geranoaetus polyosoma (Quoy and Gaimard). Variable Hawk.

Buteo buteo (Linnaeus). Common Buzzard.

Ramphastos brevis Meyer de Schauensee. Choco Toucan.

Forpus xanthopterygius (Spix). Blue-winged Parrotlet.

Brotogeris chiriri (Vieillot). Yellow-chevroned Parakeet.

Amazona amazonica (Linnaeus). Orange-winged Parrot.

Melopsittacus undulatus (Shaw). Budgerigar.

Thamnophilus multistriatus Lafresnaye. Bar-crested Antshrike.

Urocissa erythrorhyncha (Boddaert). Red-billed Blue-Magpie.

Melanocorypha calandra (Linnaeus). Calandra Lark.

Tachycineta albiventer (Boddaert). White-winged Swallow.

Parus major Linnaeus. Great Tit.

Sittiparus varius (Temminck and Schlegel). Varied Tit.

Ianthocincla caerulata (Hodgson). Gray-sided Laughingthrush.

Copsychus saularis (Linnaeus). Oriental Magpie-Robin.

Monticola solitarius (Linnaeus). Blue Rock Thrush.

Saxicola rubetra (Linnaeus). Whinchat.

Spodiopsar cineraceus (Temminck). White-cheeked Starling.

Acridotheres cristatellus (Linnaeus). Crested Myna.

Acridotheres javanicus Cabanis. Javan Myna.

Gracula religiosa Linnaeus. Common Hill-Myna.

Lagonosticta rubricata (Lichtenstein). African Firefinch.

Montifringilla nivalis (Linnaeus). White-winged Snowfinch.

Euphonia mesochrysa Salvadori. Bronze-green Euphonia.

Chloris chloris (Linnaeus). European Greenfinch.

Spinus magellanicus (Vieillot). Hooded Siskin.

Icterus nigrogularis (Hahn). Yellow Oriole.

Piranga rubriceps Gray. Red-hooded Tanager.

Sporophila angolensis (Linnaeus). Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch.

Sporophila bouvronides (Lesson). Lesson’s Seedeater.

Part 2. Forms of doubtful status or of hybrid origin that have been given a formal scientific name.

Anas breweri Audubon. Brewer’s Duck.

Lophortyx leucoprosopon Reichenow. Reichenow’s Quail.

Oenoenas chiriquensis Ridgway. Chiriqui Pigeon.

Zenaida plumbea Gosse. Plumbeous Dove.

Phasmornis mystica Oberholser. Chisos Hummingbird.

Trochilus violajugulum Jeffries. Violet-throated Hummingbird.

Selasphorus floresii Gould. Floresi’s Hummingbird.

Cyanomyia salvini Brewster. Salvin’s Hummingbird.

Amazilia bangsi Ridgway. Bangs’s Hummingbird.

Amazilia alfaroana Underwood. Alfaro’s Hummingbird.

Amazilia ocai Gould. d’Oca’s Hummingbird.

Thaumatias lerdi d’Oca. Lerdo’s Hummingbird.

Saucerottia florenceae van Rossem and Hachisuka. Florence’s Hummingbird.

Calidris paramelanotos Parker. Cox’s Sandpiper.

Tringa cooperi Baird. Cooper’s Sandpiper.

Larus nelsoni Henshaw. Nelson’s Gull.

Celeus immaculatus Berlepsch. Immaculate Woodpecker.

Conurus labati Rothschild. Guadeloupe Parakeet.

Anodorhynchus martinicus Rothschild. Martinique Macaw.

Anodorhynchus purpurascens Rothschild. Guadeloupe Violet Macaw.

Ara atwoodi Clark. Dominican Macaw.

Ara erythrocephalus Rothschild. Red-headed Green Macaw.

Ara erythrurus Rothschild. Red-tailed Macaw.

Ara gossei Rothschild. Yellow-headed Macaw.

Ara guadeloupensis Clark. Guadeloupe Macaw.

Vireosylva propinqua Baird. Vera Paz Vireo.

Regulus cuvieri Audubon. Cuvier’s Kinglet.

Aegiothus brewsterii Ridgway. Brewster’s Linnet.

Vermivora lawrencii (Herrick). Lawrence’s Warbler.

Vermivora leucobronchialis (Brewster). Brewster’s Warbler.

Helminthophaga cincinnatiensis Langdon. Cincinnati Warbler.

Dendroica potomac Haller. Sutton’s Warbler.

Sylvia carbonata Audubon. Carbonated Warbler.

Sylvia montana Wilson. Blue Mountain Warbler.

Sylvania microcephala Ridgway. Small-headed Flycatcher.

Emberiza townsendii Audubon. Townsend’s Bunting.

50. [pp. 705 ff.] Make the following changes to the list of French names of North American birds:

Insert the following names in the proper position as indicated by the text of this supplement:

Melanitta deglandi Macreuse à ailes blanches

Melanitta stejnegeri Macreuse de Sibérie

Pternistis erckelii Francolin d’Erckel

Paraclaravis mondetoura Colombe mondétour

Coccycua pumila Piaye nain

Coccyzus lansbergi Coulicou à tête grise

Nesophlox evelynae Colibri des Bahamas

Nesophlox lyrura Colibri d’Inagua

Amazilia hoffmanni Ariane de Hoffmann

Hydrobates furcatus Océanite à queue fourchue

Hydrobates hornbyi Océanite de Hornby

Hydrobates monorhis Océanite de Swinhoe

Hydrobates leucorhous Océanite cul-blanc

Hydrobates socorroensis Océanite de Townsend

Hydrobates cheimomnestes Océanite d’Ainley

Hydrobates homochroa Océanite cendré

Hydrobates castro Océanite de Castro

Hydrobates tethys Océanite téthys

Hydrobates melania Océanite noir

Hydrobates macrodactylus Océanite de Guadalupe

Hydrobates markhami Océanite de Markham

Hydrobates tristrami Océanite de Tristram

Hydrobates microsoma Océanite minute

Pterodroma gouldi Pétrel à face grise

Megascops centralis Petit-duc du Choco

Psittacara brevipes Conure de Socorro

Polioptila albiventris Gobemoucheron du Yucatan

LEIOTHRICHIDAE

Arundinax aedon Rousserolle à gros bec

Locustella fluviatilis Locustelle fluviatile

Erithacus rubecula Rougegorge familier

Oenanthe pleschanka Traquet pie

Turdus viscivorus Grive draine

Carpodacus roseus Roselin rose

Atlapetes tibialis Tohi à cuisses jaunes

Atlapetes luteoviridis Tohi jaune-vert

Leiothlypis peregrina Paruline obscure

Leiothlypis celata Paruline verdâtre

Leiothlypis crissalis Paruline de Colima

Leiothlypis luciae Paruline de Lucy

Leiothlypis ruficapilla Paruline à joues grises

Leiothlypis virginiae Paruline de Virginia

Cyanoloxia cyanoides Évêque bleu-noir

Ixothraupis guttata Calliste tiqueté

Poecilostreptus palmeri Calliste or-gris

Poecilostreptus cabanisi Calliste azuré

Stilpnia larvata Calliste à coiffe d’or

Stilpnia cucullata Calliste dos-bleu

Phonipara canora Sporophile petit-chanteur

Melanospiza bicolor Cici verdinère

in APPENDIX (Part 1)

Apus nipalensis Martinet malais

Chaetocercus heliodor Colibri d’Héliodore

Vanellus cayanus Vanneau de Cayenne

Stercorarius chilensis Labbe du Chili

Melopsittacus undulatus Perruche ondulée

Sittiparus varius Mésange variée

Ianthocincla caerulata Garrulaxe à flancs gris

Spodiopsar cineraceus Étourneau gris

Acridotheres javanicus Martin de Java

Montifringilla nivalis Niverolle alpine

Delete the following names:

Francolinus erckelii Francolin d’Erckel

Claravis mondetoura Colombe mondétour

Calliphlox evelynae Colibri des Bahamas

Calliphlox lyrura Colibri d’Inagua

Amazilia saucerottei Ariane de Sophie

Oceanodroma furcata Océanite à queue fourchue

Oceanodroma hornbyi Océanite de Hornby

Oceanodroma monorhis Océanite de Swinhoe

Oceanodroma leucorhoa Océanite cul-blanc

Oceanodroma socorroensis Océanite de Townsend

Oceanodroma cheimomnestes Océanite d’Ainley

Oceanodroma homochroa Océanite cendré

Oceanodroma castro Océanite de Castro

Oceanodroma tethys Océanite téthys

Oceanodroma melania Océanite noir

Oceanodroma macrodactyla Océanite de Guadalupe

Oceanodroma markhami Océanite de Markham

Oceanodroma tristrami Océanite de Tristram

Oceanodroma microsoma Océanite minute

Pterodroma macroptera Pétrel noir

Trogon aurantiiventris Trogon à ventre orange

Melopsittacus undulatus Perruche ondulée

TIMALIIDAE

Pselliophorus tibialis Tohi à cuisses jaunes

Pselliophorus luteoviridis Tohi jaune-vert

Oreothlypis peregrina Paruline obscure

Oreothlypis celata Paruline verdâtre

Oreothlypis crissalis Paruline de Colima

Oreothlypis luciae Paruline de Lucy

Oreothlypis ruficapilla Paruline à joues grises

Oreothlypis virginiae Paruline de Virginia

Cyanocompsa cyanoides Évêque bleu-noir

Tangara palmeri Calliste or-gris

Tangara cabanisi Calliste azuré

Tangara cucullata Calliste dos-bleu

Tangara larvata Calliste à coiffe d’or

Tangara guttata Calliste tiqueté

Tiaris canorus Sporophile petit-chanteur

Tiaris bicolor Sporophile cici

in APPENDIX (Part 1)

Coccyzus pumilus Coulicou nain

Coccyzus lansbergi Coulicou à tête grise

Acestrura heliodor Colibri héliodore

Hoploxypterus cayanus Vanneau de Cayenne

Catharacta chilensis Labbe du Chili

Phalacrocorax kenyoni Cormoran de Kenyon

Parus varius Mésange variée

Garrulax caerulatus Garrulaxe à flancs gris

Acridotheres javanicus Martin à ventre blanc

Correct the spelling of Phylloscopus examinandus Pouillot du Kamchatka to Pouillot du Kamtchatka.

Change the sequence of species in the families CUCULIDAE, CHARADRIIDAE, FREGATIDAE, HIRUNDINIDAE, and PASSERELLIDAE as indicated by the text of this supplement.

Change the sequence of species in APPENDIX (Part 1 and Part 2) as indicated by the text of this supplement.

Proposals considered but not accepted by the Committee included transfer of Orinoco Goose Neochen jubata to Oressochen, transfer of subspecies cabanidis from Lesser Violetear Colibri cyanotus to Mexican Violetear C. thalassinus, deletion of the hyphen in the English group name Mountain-gem, separation of Fulmarus rodgersii from Northern Fulmar F. glacialis, separation of Buteo harlani from Red-tailed Hawk B. jamaicensis, separation of Megascops vermiculatus from Middle American Screech-Owl M. guatemalae, separation of Pharomachrus costaricensis from Resplendent Quetzal P. mocinno, change of the scientific name of subspecies cafer of Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus, separation of Garrulax taewanus from Hwamei G. canorus, change of the English name of McCown’s Longspur Rhynchophanes mccownii, change of the English name of Saltmarsh Sparrow Ammospiza caudacuta, merger of Melozone into Aimophila, transfer of Blue Bunting Cyanocompsa parellina to Passerina, and discontinuation of use of the possessive in patronymic English bird names.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Normand David serves as the Committee’s advisor for classical languages in relation to scientific names, and Michel Gosselin is the authority for French names. Shawn M. Billerman, Rosa A. Jimenez, and Nicholas A. Mason serve on the Early Professional Systematics Group for the committee. We thank S. M. Aguillon, G. R. Angehr, K. Bardon, C. Blazak, M. Borlé, S. Bourdages, C. J. Clark, W. S. Clark, B. Collette, C. J. Dove, R. J. Dowsett, R. Driver, T. Floyd, A. Geiger, J. Hruska, M. J. Iliff, K. Kerr, M. Kirsch, D. F. Lane, P. E. Lehman, J. Liguori, J. Lish, R. W. McDiarmid, F. Nicoletti, N. Paprocki, J. R. Rigby, B. Robinson, R. Schodde, T. S. Schulenberg, B. L. Sullivan, and P. Unitt for assistance, suggestions, and comments.