
Contents
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The Nature of Competition and Competitiveness The Nature of Competition and Competitiveness
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It’s Not How You Play the Game That’s Important, but Whether You Win It’s Not How You Play the Game That’s Important, but Whether You Win
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It’s Not Winning That’s Important, but Whether You Have Improved It’s Not Winning That’s Important, but Whether You Have Improved
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The Role of Competition in Friendship Across the Life Span The Role of Competition in Friendship Across the Life Span
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Childhood Childhood
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Adolescence Adolescence
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Adulthood Adulthood
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Toward an Integrative Model of Competition and Friendship Toward an Integrative Model of Competition and Friendship
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Motives, Needs, and Gender Socialization Motives, Needs, and Gender Socialization
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Type of Competition Type of Competition
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Cultural Values Cultural Values
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Summary Summary
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Future Directions Future Directions
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Conclusions Conclusions
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References References
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13 Competition in Friendship
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Published:November 2016
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Abstract
Research suggests that competition can be adaptive in helping children and adolescents shape their self-concept and identity. Research also suggests that because of its aggressive and unsympathetic nature, competitiveness as an enduring interpersonal style may come with social costs that may include loneliness and greater difficulty making and keeping close, quality friendships. This chapter reviews research regarding the nature of competition in terms of general definitions, types of competitiveness, and the role that competition plays in friendship throughout the life span. It introduces an integrative model that examines (1) how gender and gender socialization may impact both the prevalence of competition in friendship and the social adjustment implications of competiveness among friends, and (2) the significance of culture in terms of the importance given to competitive values and how these cultural differences may play out in the context of friendship. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for future research directions are given.
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