A World of Three Cultures: Honor, Achievement and Joy
A World of Three Cultures: Honor, Achievement and Joy
Adjunct Professor and Director, Judiciary Reform Program, The Fletcher School
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Abstract
Political scientists have recognized the importance of human values in development for hundreds of years, going back at least as far as Max Weber and Alexis de Tocqueville, but the field is still controversial. Modern survey research methods have given increasing scientific rigor to the study of cultures and values. This work utilizes quantitative survey data to delineate three cultural hyperclusters: cultures of honor, which prioritize political authority; cultures of achievement, which emphasize economic advancement; and cultures of joy, which focus on social interactions. A country’s developmental path is profoundly influenced by its people’s values and culture, as crystallized through its formal and informal governing institutions. Culture is passed down over generations through families, schools, the media, religious institutions, leadership, and the law. Although culture and values are in a permanent state of evolution, leaders and policymakers can also push cultural change in order to promote desirable goals such as economic growth, democratization, and equality. This work also introduces two new measures of development: the Objective Development Index (which blends rubrics such as health, education, income, gender equality, political rights and civil liberties, and economic inequality) and the Subjective Development Index (which uses responses to the World Values Survey to classify countries according to their values).
Lowenstein Professor of Political Science
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Front Matter
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Introduction
Miguel E. Basáñez andRonald F. Inglehart
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Part I Values as the Building Blocks of Culture: Literature Review
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Part II Value Axes and the Geography of Cultures
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Part III Cultures of Honor, Achievement, and Joy
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Part IV Cultural Change
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Part V Concepts and Measures of Development
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Part VI The Driving Forces of Development
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End Matter
- Appendix 1 Methodological Note for Tables 4.1–4.6
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Appendix 2
Methodological Note for Tables 5.1–5.5
- Appendix 3 Alphabetical Standardized Scores for the Countries of the World Values Survey Map
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Appendix 4
Total GDP (Gross Domestic Product), 2012, Purchasing Power Parity in Current International US Dollars
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Appendix 5
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) per Capita, 2012 (Purchasing Power Parity), Current International US Dollars
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Appendix 6
Human Development Index (HDI), UNDP, 2012
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Appendix 7
Political Rights and Civil Liberties in the World, 2013 (Freedom House Index)
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Appendix 8
Income Distribution Ranking, Gini Coefficient (World Bank, Unless Noted)
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Appendix 9
Ratio Index of Income Distribution (Richest 10% Average versus Poorest 10% Average)
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Appendix 10
Gender Inequality Index (GII, Human Development Program, 2012 Data)
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Appendix 11
Objective Development Index (ODI)
- Appendix 12 Subjective Development Index (SDI) Methodology
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Appendix 13
Selected World-Changing Technological Innovations
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Notes
- Bibliography
- Index
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