
Contents
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Range of patients Range of patients
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Preoperative assessment Preoperative assessment
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History History
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Examination Examination
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Investigations Investigations
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Consent Consent
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Preoperative fasting Preoperative fasting
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Parental presence at induction Parental presence at induction
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Play specialists and distraction Play specialists and distraction
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Premedication Premedication
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Sedative Sedative
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Analgesic Analgesic
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Antisialogogue Antisialogogue
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Antacid Antacid
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Prokinetic Prokinetic
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Venous access Venous access
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Topical cutaneous anaesthesia Topical cutaneous anaesthesia
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EMLA (eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics) cream EMLA (eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics) cream
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Side effects Side effects
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Tetracaine Tetracaine
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Side effects Side effects
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Ethyl chloride Ethyl chloride
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Inhalational induction of anaesthesia Inhalational induction of anaesthesia
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The child with a ‘cold’ The child with a ‘cold’
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Heart murmurs Heart murmurs
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Asthma Asthma
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Preoperative Preoperative
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History History
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Examination Examination
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Premedication Premedication
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Intraoperative management Intraoperative management
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Induction Induction
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Airway management Airway management
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Maintenance Maintenance
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Emergence Emergence
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Analgesia Analgesia
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
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Perioperative management Perioperative management
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Stimulants Stimulants
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Non-stimulants Non-stimulants
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Infectious diseases Infectious diseases
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Immunizations Immunizations
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3 Principles of paediatric anaesthesia
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Published:September 2007
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Range of patients
Many features of paediatric anaesthesia differ somewhat from adult practice.
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Preoperative assessment
...
History
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Examination
...
Investigations
Most children do not require preoperative testing.
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Consent
A formal written consent procedure for anaesthesia and related procedures is not routine in the U.K., although this may change in the future. It is important to gain parental (and if appropriate the child's) agreement to the proposed measures.
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Preoperative fasting
As in adults, the aim of preoperative fasting is to reduce the volume of gastric contents and minimize the risk of passive regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration during anaesthesia.
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Parental presence at induction
See also Chapter 1.
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Play specialists and distraction
The use of play therapists is now widespread in paediatric practice. This can be extended into the perioperative period and in many UK hospitals play therapists make an important contribution to the perioperative care of a child and in providing information and support for parents.
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