Effective Conservation Science: Data Not Dogma
Effective Conservation Science: Data Not Dogma
Pritzker Distinguished Professor and IOES Director
Professor
Rachel Carson Associate Professor of Marine Conservation Biology
Cite
Abstract
This book gathers together 28 personal stories told by leading thinkers and practitioners in conservation – all of whom have something to say about the uncomfortable tension that arises when data meet dogma. Together, they make a powerful argument for conservation science that measures effectiveness and evolves in response to new data, rather than clinging to its treasured foundational ideas. Several chapters raise doubts about some of conservation’s core tenets, including the notion that habitat fragmentation is bad for biodiversity, biodiversity declines are threatening ecosystem function, non-native species are a net negative for conservation, and fisheries management is failing. Another set of chapters warns of the potent power of conservation narratives: undeniably useful to inspire conservation action, but potentially dangerous in locking in thinking against contrary data. These chapters challenge iconic stories about GM crops, orangutans in oil palm forests, frog feminization, salmon versus dams, rehabilitating oiled otters, and wolves in Yellowstone. A final set of chapters addresses conceptual and methodological approaches such as environmental tipping points, global assessments, payment for ecosystem service programs, and working with corporations. Throughout, examples of confirmation bias emerge—not as dishonesty, but as a human foible that is a challenge for all science, not just conservation science. Graduate students, in particular, will find a wealth of ideas to inspire their own research. Each chapter points to additional data that could help resolve lingering debates and improve conservation effectiveness.
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Front Matter
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Section 1 Reproducibility, bias, and objectivity in conservation science
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Section 2 Challenges to foundational premises in conservation
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3
The value of ecosystem services: What is the evidence?
Linus Blomqvist andR. David Simpson
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4
Are local losses of biodiversity causing degraded ecosystem function?
Mark Vellend
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5
Forty years of bias in habitat fragmentation research
Lenore Fahrig
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6
Introduced species are not always the enemy of conservation
Martin A. Schlaepfer
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7
Novel ecosystems: Can’t we just pretend they’re not there?
Richard J. Hobbs
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8
What is the evidence for planetary tipping points?
Barry W. Brook and others
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9
Adaptability: As important in conservation organizations as it is in species
Paul R. Armsworth and others
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10
Food webs with humans: In name only?
Emma C. Fuller
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3
The value of ecosystem services: What is the evidence?
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Section 3 Iconic conservation tales: Sorting truth from fiction
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11
Global agricultural expansion: The sky isn’t falling (yet)
Jonathan R. B. Fisher
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12
A good story: Media bias in trophic cascade research in Yellowstone National Park
Emma Marris
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13
From Silent Spring to The Frog of War: The forgotten role of natural history in conservation science
David K. Skelly
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14
How a mistaken ecological narrative could be undermining orangutan conservation
Erik Meijaard
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15
Fealty to symbolism is no way to save salmon
Peter Kareiva andValerie Carranza
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16
Genetically modified crops: Frankenfood or environmental boon?
Michelle Marvier
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17
When “sustainable” fishing isn’t
Kristin N. Marshall andPhillip S. Levin
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18
Science communication is receiving a lot of attention, but there’s room to improve
Yuta J. Masuda andTim Scharks
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11
Global agricultural expansion: The sky isn’t falling (yet)
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Section 4 Questioning accepted strategies and interventions
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19
Overfishing: Can we provide food from the sea and protect biodiversity?
Ray Hilborn
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20
Rehabilitating sea otters: Feeling good versus being effective
James A. Estes andM. Tim Tinker
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21
Planning for climate change without climate projections?
Joshua J. Lawler andJulia Michalak
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22
Is “no net loss of biodiversity” a good idea?
Martine Maron
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23
Replacing underperforming nature reserves
Richard A. Fuller andJames E. M. Watson
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24
Conservation in the real world: Pragmatism does not equal surrender
Joseph M. Kiesecker and others
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25
Are payments for ecosystem services benefiting ecosystems and people?
Paul J. Ferraro
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26
Corporations valuing nature: It’s not all about the win-wins
Jennifer L. Molnar
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27
Business as usual leads to underperformance in coastal restoration
Brian R. Silliman and others
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19
Overfishing: Can we provide food from the sea and protect biodiversity?
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Section 5 Conclusion
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End Matter
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