Animal Behavior and Parasitism
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Expand CHAPTER 14 Infection avoidance behaviors across vertebrate taxa: Patterns, processes, and future directions
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14.1 Introduction 14.1 Introduction
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14.2 How infection leads to disease cues 14.2 How infection leads to disease cues
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14.3 What is disgust and how are disease avoidance behaviors triggered? 14.3 What is disgust and how are disease avoidance behaviors triggered?
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Expand 14.4 Behavioral avoidance of infection throughout vertebrate taxa 14.4 Behavioral avoidance of infection throughout vertebrate taxa
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14.4.1 Avoidance of infected conspecifics 14.4.1 Avoidance of infected conspecifics
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14.4.2 Avoidance of contaminated habitats 14.4.2 Avoidance of contaminated habitats
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14.4.3 Avoidance of contaminated food and drinking sources 14.4.3 Avoidance of contaminated food and drinking sources
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14.4.4 Avoidance of parasites and their vectors 14.4.4 Avoidance of parasites and their vectors
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14.4.5 Other disease avoidance behaviors 14.4.5 Other disease avoidance behaviors
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14.5 Conclusions and future research 14.5 Conclusions and future research
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References References
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CHAPTER 14 Infection avoidance behaviors across vertebrate taxa: Patterns, processes, and future directions
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Published:August 2022
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Abstract
An infected animal can behave, smell, sound, and look very different from a healthy version of itself. The same is true when comparing habitats, food, or water sources contaminated with parasite infectious stages to their uncontaminated counterparts. All these differences provide cues or indications of disease risk and thus allow uninfected animals to modify their behaviors in ways that alter disease transmission. This chapter focuses on prophylactic behaviors: host behaviors that reduce the risk of infection. It provides an overview of how infection avoidance behaviors are triggered, then summarizes the avoidance behaviors known to occur in vertebrates, giving special attention to non-mammalian taxa, which are less represented in the literature. Repercussions of avoidance behaviors can include fitness trade-offs under some circumstances where predation risk is increased, or opportunities for nutrition, growth, or reproduction are diminished. Thus, like balanced immune responses, optimal behaviors may not be those that provide the greatest pathogen avoidance. The chapter outlines knowledge gaps and future priorities for research in the study of behavioral avoidance across taxa and discusses how trade-offs associated with behavioral avoidance may be altered under global change.
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