
Contents
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Conditions Breeding Islamist Emergence and Mobilization Conditions Breeding Islamist Emergence and Mobilization
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Ongoing Religious Repression Ongoing Religious Repression
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Minimal Associational Space Minimal Associational Space
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Religious Entrepreneurs and Ideologies: The Young Mullahs Form Nahzat Religious Entrepreneurs and Ideologies: The Young Mullahs Form Nahzat
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From Sirhindi to Qutb and Mawdudi: Ideas of Islamic Revival and an Islamic State From Sirhindi to Qutb and Mawdudi: Ideas of Islamic Revival and an Islamic State
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The Qozikalon’s Shift to Religious Activism The Qozikalon’s Shift to Religious Activism
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The Outcome: First-Wave Tajik Islamist Mobilization The Outcome: First-Wave Tajik Islamist Mobilization
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From Religious Revival to Politics From Religious Revival to Politics
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The Effect of Iran’s Islamic Revolution and Afghanistan’s Jihad The Effect of Iran’s Islamic Revolution and Afghanistan’s Jihad
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Religious Repression into the Gorbachev Era Religious Repression into the Gorbachev Era
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Nahzat’s Move to Party Formation Nahzat’s Move to Party Formation
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The IRPT’s Shifting Ideology: Adapting to Its Context The IRPT’s Shifting Ideology: Adapting to Its Context
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Open, Mass Islamist Mobilization Open, Mass Islamist Mobilization
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Demokratizatsiia and the Turn to Mass Protests Demokratizatsiia and the Turn to Mass Protests
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Violent Mobilization: The Islamists’ Role in the Civil War, 1992–97 Violent Mobilization: The Islamists’ Role in the Civil War, 1992–97
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Islamic Identity and External Support Islamic Identity and External Support
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5 The Islamic Revival Party Challenges Communism
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Published:June 2023
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Abstract
Chapter 5 traces the emergence and development of the first wave of Islamism in Tajikistan, beginning with the formation of Nahzat-i Islami during the 1970s, an underground group motivated by the severe religious repression in the Tajik republic, which extended from the Stalin-era Red Terror through the Khrushchev-era closure of shrines. The spread of ideas about cleansing Soviet influences, Islamic political justice, the anti-Soviet mujahidin’s victory in Afghanistan, and the Iranian Revolution’s success further spurred the Nahzat to religious entrepreneurship. Ongoing religious repression but growing associational space during perestroika led the Nahzat to form an Islamic party to contest power through open mobilization as the USSR crumbled. The IRPT was joined by a broad coalition of Islamic leaders, together with nationalists and democratic parties. The Tajik regime’s crackdown on peaceful protests escalated into violence, and the Islamists became the leading opposition faction in the five-year civil war.
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