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Translations Translations
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Archives Archives
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Referencing Referencing
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Note on translations, archives, and referencing
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Published:February 2024
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Translations
All translations, except where noted, are my own. Because this is a comparative piece of work, I have translated both French and Portuguese citations into English. This is intended to make the research accessible to an English-language audience whether or not they speak both French and Portuguese.
Archives
During the course of this research I have used several archives. These include the Présence Africaine archives at the Institut mémoires de l’édition contemporaine (IMEC) in Caen; the Archives de la Préfecture de la Police in Paris; the archives of Mário Pinto de Andrade and the Casa dos Éstudantes do Império at the Fundação Mário Soares, the PIDE and Salazar files at Torre do Tombo and the Arquivo Diplomáticos Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros in Lisbon. Where archival material has been used, I have referenced it accordingly in the footnotes.
Referencing
Mensagem in particular used erratic dates and series numbers. For simplicity, I have limited references to series number and date published. For the same reason, I have listed all editions as ‘Mensagem’, although some editions of the journal have ‘Boletim’ (‘bulletin’) or ‘Circular’ (‘circular’) on the cover. Several editorials in Présence Africaine were signed off as either P. A. or Présence Africaine. These were mostly written by the editor, Alioune Diop. I have used capitals to signify attribution and italics to signify the journal itself.
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