
Contents
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6.1 The permissive consensus: a missed opportunity? 6.1 The permissive consensus: a missed opportunity?
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6.2 The ideological asymmetry 6.2 The ideological asymmetry
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6.3 The rise and fall of Social Europe in the 1970s 6.3 The rise and fall of Social Europe in the 1970s
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6.4 Delorisme and the new ‘Icarus moment’ of the social dimension 6.4 Delorisme and the new ‘Icarus moment’ of the social dimension
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6.5 Why did the left lose its ideological struggle? 6.5 Why did the left lose its ideological struggle?
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6.6 Jurisdictional competition and the delegitimation of crossterritorial solidarity 6.6 Jurisdictional competition and the delegitimation of crossterritorial solidarity
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6.7 Ideology and the constraining dissensus: Germany and France 6.7 Ideology and the constraining dissensus: Germany and France
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6.7.1 Germany 6.7.1 Germany
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6.7.2 France 6.7.2 France
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6.8 The missing polar star and the failure of the Constitutional Treaty 6.8 The missing polar star and the failure of the Constitutional Treaty
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6 The fragile ideological underpinnings of EU building
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Published:March 2024
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Abstract
Starting from the 1980s, integration accelerated its course and assumed a clear and increasingly aggressive neoliberal complexion. In the eyes of large segments of national publics, the EU came to be increasingly associated with a Trojan horse of Thatcher-style neoliberalism, with the explicit goal of disembedding markets and destabilizing national social contracts. The rise of nationalism and Euroscepticism launched an explicit and vocal challenge to integration as such. An equally important (but generally neglected) role in delegitimizing the EU was played by the inability of the socialist ideology to generate a clear and recognizable progressive vision of the EU. The persistence of the ‘fifth’ cleavage—linked to the Soviet revolution—within the Southern European lefts (radicalism vs reformism) and the ordoliberal ‘capture’ of the Northern (especially German) social democracies were the main causes of this inability.
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