World Order in Late Antiquity: The ‘Two Eyes’ Rivalry of Byzantium and Sasanian Persia
World Order in Late Antiquity: The ‘Two Eyes’ Rivalry of Byzantium and Sasanian Persia
Lecturer of Defence Studies, Defence Studies Department
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Abstract
The East Romans of Byzantium and the Sasanian Persians competed as geopolitical rivals for over four centuries between 224 and 628 ad. Through a series of intractable conflicts, these two great empires would develop a dual hierarchy that sought to divide the known world between them. Despite competing claims to universal rule, mutual spheres of interest arose as both empires sought to create rules, norms, and standard practices of diplomatic behaviour to regulate their inter-imperial rivalry. Defined by contemporaries as the ‘Two Eyes’ of the Earth, this suzerain order aimed to hierarchically organize those considered ‘barbarians’. This period of late antiquity is rarely considered within the discipline of international relations. Through an English School approach, this work examines the diverse suzerain order of late antiquity as ‘barbarous’ nomadic tribes challenged the hierarchical ambitions of two rival empires who both claimed a unique role in the maintenance of world order.
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Front Matter
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Introduction
Kevin Blachford
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1
The Dual Hierarchy of Late Antiquity
Kevin Blachford
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2
Coming into Contact and the Iranshahr
Kevin Blachford
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3
The Institutions of Kingship and Diplomacy
Kevin Blachford
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4
Client Kings and Barbarians
Kevin Blachford
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5
Diplomatic Practices in the Sixth Century: Recognition and Coexistence
Kevin Blachford
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6
The Rise of the Gok Turks and the Last Great War of Antiquity
Kevin Blachford
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Conclusion
Kevin Blachford
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End Matter
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