Orchestrating the Nation: The Nineteenth-Century American Symphonic Enterprise
Orchestrating the Nation: The Nineteenth-Century American Symphonic Enterprise
Assistant Professor of Musicology
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Abstract
This book narrates the history of symphonic composition in the United States during the nineteenth century and explains why this substantial repertoire of over one hundred works failed to enter the performance canon of American orchestras. Throughout the century, a widespread desire for musical independence from Europe, however defined, stood in sharp contrast to a similarly widespread reverence for music written by European masters such as Ludwig van Beethoven. Faced with choices about which side to take, aspiring composers stood in the middle. The first generation of American symphonists, which flourished between 1835 and 1870, constructed national musical identities with a wide range of highly expressive, idiosyncratic styles. Local orchestras often refused to perform their music, however, while critics applied a protean set of values when they heard the music at all. Following the Civil War, increasing demand for stylistically innovative music, including the works of Richard Wagner and his allies, proved to be a boon for American composers who used Wagnerian techniques as tools for expressing a distinct national identity. Yet conductors and orchestral musicians, who tended to be German-speaking immigrants, preferred German music so strongly that they occasionally sabotaged the efforts of local composers. By century’s end, critics had begun to consider a folk-derived national style as the only appropriate tool for constructing a national musical identity, thus relegating the music of two generations of American composers to a bygone era.
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Front Matter
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Introduction
Douglas W. Shadle
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1
The Launch of the Enterprise
Douglas W. Shadle
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2
Anthony Philip Heinrich, Hapless Wanderer
Douglas W. Shadle
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3
William Henry Fry, Operatic Translator
Douglas W. Shadle
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4
George Frederick Bristow, American Stalwart
Douglas W. Shadle
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5
The Rivalry of Nations
Douglas W. Shadle
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6
The End of an Era
Douglas W. Shadle
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Interlude: The Country Divided
Douglas W. Shadle
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7
Louis Moreau Gottschalk, Pan-American Republican
Douglas W. Shadle
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8
John Knowles Paine, Universal Classicist
Douglas W. Shadle
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9
The Rivalry of Generations
Douglas W. Shadle
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10
Ellsworth Phelps, Brooklyn Patriot
Douglas W. Shadle
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11
The Winds of Change
Douglas W. Shadle
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12
Antonín Dvořák, Bohemian Prophet
Douglas W. Shadle
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Epilogue
Douglas W. Shadle
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End Matter
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