
Contents
Cite
Extract
In a book that deals with social mobility among the landed elite, changing titles can lead to confusion. James Brydges became Baron Chandos (1714), Earl of Carnarvon (1714) and Duke of Chandos (1719). Sir John Perceval, a baronet from 1691, was in turn Baron Perceval (1715), Viscount Perceval (1722) and Earl of Egmont (1733). Robert Molesworth became Viscount Molesworth (1716) and Sir Alan Brodrick progressively Baron Brodrick (1715) and Viscount Midleton (1717). I stick with the name or title used for someone’s first chronological appearance and acknowledge a contemporary title where relevant. As one exception, I refer to Robert Southwell (1635–1702) as Sir Robert after his 1665 knighthood to help in distinguishing him from his father, Robert (1607–77) and to emphasise the advancement that followed his travels of 1659–62.
Working across generations means dealing with different people under the same names and titles. Regarding first names, I have tried to avoid confusion in the text and have distinguished namesakes with II and III in footnotes. Sons shadowed their fathers’ advances, such that the same dependent titles also recur. For the one major instance—that John Brydges, Henry Brydges and James Brydges II were all Marquis of Carnarvon—I have omitted the title unless relevant to the discussion.
Sign in
Personal account
- Sign in with email/username & password
- Get email alerts
- Save searches
- Purchase content
- Activate your purchase/trial code
- Add your ORCID iD
Purchase
Our books are available by subscription or purchase to libraries and institutions.
Purchasing informationMonth: | Total Views: |
---|---|
October 2022 | 2 |
November 2023 | 2 |
January 2024 | 2 |
February 2024 | 1 |
March 2024 | 1 |
April 2024 | 2 |
August 2024 | 2 |
October 2024 | 2 |
February 2025 | 2 |
Get help with access
Institutional access
Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways:
IP based access
Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.
Sign in through your institution
Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Shibboleth/Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic.
If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institution’s website, please contact your librarian or administrator.
Sign in with a library card
Enter your library card number to sign in. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian.
Society Members
Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways:
Sign in through society site
Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. If you see ‘Sign in through society site’ in the sign in pane within a journal:
If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society.
Sign in using a personal account
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. See below.
Personal account
A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions.
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members.
Viewing your signed in accounts
Click the account icon in the top right to:
Signed in but can't access content
Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian.
Institutional account management
For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more.