
Contents
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The Classical System and the Search for a Just Government The Classical System and the Search for a Just Government
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The Decline of the Classical System The Decline of the Classical System
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The First Tanzimat Period and the Restoration of Checks and Balances The First Tanzimat Period and the Restoration of Checks and Balances
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‘Ali Pasha, Fuad Pasha, and the Genesis of the Modern State ‘Ali Pasha, Fuad Pasha, and the Genesis of the Modern State
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The State and the New Upper Class The State and the New Upper Class
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Notes Notes
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4 The Later Tanzimat and the Ottoman Legacy in the Near Eastern Successor States
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Published:May 2009
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Abstract
The period of Ottoman decline (from approximately the late seventeenth- to the early nineteenth-century), the system of checks and balances was grossly undermined and arbitrary and despotic government prevailed both at the center and in the provinces. In the later Tanzimat period (1856–71), by contrast, the emphasis was placed on strong state organs and a powerful bureaucracy, armed with a new set of laws borrowed from western legal systems. The maintenance of law and order in the cities and towns was performed by an officer called a subashi, who was one of the kadi's prominent aides and who was “a legal police and a high security official with executive authority”. The kadi's deputies also came from the local 'ulama, whether in the principal court where he presided or in the neighborhood courts of big cities or in towns throughout the province.
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