
Contents
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The Northern Enclosure The Northern Enclosure
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Rectangular Towers Rectangular Towers
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Round Towers Round Towers
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Enlarged Round Towers Enlarged Round Towers
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Tower Roofs Tower Roofs
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Connecting Corridors between Towers Connecting Corridors between Towers
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The Southern Enclosure The Southern Enclosure
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The Connection of the Walls of Cairo to the Citadel The Connection of the Walls of Cairo to the Citadel
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The Change in Islamic Military Architecture in the Thirteenth Century The Change in Islamic Military Architecture in the Thirteenth Century
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Factors Leading to the Change Factors Leading to the Change
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The Siege of Acre (585–87/1189–91) The Siege of Acre (585–87/1189–91)
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Changes in Fortifications Changes in Fortifications
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The Use of Rectangular and Round Towers The Use of Rectangular and Round Towers
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The Fortifications of Al-kamil and Their Significance The Fortifications of Al-kamil and Their Significance
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The Southern Façade The Southern Façade
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The East Façade (Towers 7–12) The East Façade (Towers 7–12)
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The North Façade (Towers 12–19) The North Façade (Towers 12–19)
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The Northwest Corner (Towers 19–23) The Northwest Corner (Towers 19–23)
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The West Façade The West Façade
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Other Citadels Other Citadels
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Notes Notes
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1 The Citadel of Cairo in the Ayyubid Period and the Development of Thirteenth-century Fortifications: A Reconsideration
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Published:July 2009
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Abstract
The citadel of Cairo is a monument that has been studied extensively by many scholars, especially for the Ayyubid and Mamluk periods. In 569/1174 Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, ordered one of his ablest amirs, Qaraqush, to start building the citadel between the two cities of al-Qahira and Misr al-Fustat. The citadel of Cairo is divided into two sections: a northern and a southern one. The towers of Salah al-Din were semicircular towers with a rectangular rear wall projection. The radical change in military architecture in the late twelfth-thirteenth centuries has been recorded by several authors. Taking the citadel of Cairo as a prototype for investigating the reasons behind the shift of Islamic military architecture in the thirteenth century allows us to propose an alternative hypothesis of what may have initiated that shift.
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