
Contents
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Substance of Knowledge Versus Methods of Assessing it Substance of Knowledge Versus Methods of Assessing it
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The Laboratory Experimental Method The Laboratory Experimental Method
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The Basic Psychology and Sociology of the Laboratory Experiment The Basic Psychology and Sociology of the Laboratory Experiment
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The Approximation of Laboratory Experimental Methods in Field Settings: The Special Case of Evaluation Research The Approximation of Laboratory Experimental Methods in Field Settings: The Special Case of Evaluation Research
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The Methodology of Evaluation Research The Methodology of Evaluation Research
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The Social Realities of Evaluation The Social Realities of Evaluation
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Excursus a Note on Clinical Trials Excursus a Note on Clinical Trials
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Excursus Selected Features of Statistical Analysis Excursus Selected Features of Statistical Analysis
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Excursus The Psychology and Sociology of Surveys of Attitudes, Opinions, and Intentions Excursus The Psychology and Sociology of Surveys of Attitudes, Opinions, and Intentions
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Comparative-Historical Analysis and Methods Comparative-Historical Analysis and Methods
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Case Studies and Clinical Inference Case Studies and Clinical Inference
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Counterfactual Reasoning, Mental Experiments, and the Role of “Other Knowledge” Counterfactual Reasoning, Mental Experiments, and the Role of “Other Knowledge”
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Concluding Remark Concluding Remark
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8 Methods of Research and Their Usability
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Published:October 2012
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Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to identify the major methods of research in the social sciences and to examine the relative strengths and weaknesses of each method with respect to their relevance and usefulness in the arenas decision making, social policy, and social problems. The different research methods are classified as laboratory-experimental, evaluation research, statistic methods and survey research, comparative-historical analysis, case studies, counterfactual reasoning and mental experiments. These methods are treated as variations—but identical in aim—in the process of varying and holding relevant variables constant in order to arrive at adequate causal explanations. The authors assess strengths and weaknesses of each as they are applied to “real” situations in the “real” world.
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