
Contents
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September 24, 2003: Stockholm—Carl Woese Is Awarded the Crafoord Prize September 24, 2003: Stockholm—Carl Woese Is Awarded the Crafoord Prize
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A Rosetta Stone for Biologists: The 16S Ribosomal RNA A Rosetta Stone for Biologists: The 16S Ribosomal RNA
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Return to the Trinity of Life: “Archaebacteria,” a Very Ancient Lineage? Return to the Trinity of Life: “Archaebacteria,” a Very Ancient Lineage?
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From 16S Ribosomal RNA to 16S DNA Genes: Always More Sequences From 16S Ribosomal RNA to 16S DNA Genes: Always More Sequences
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When Microbiologists Become Ecologists When Microbiologists Become Ecologists
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Trees and Roots Trees and Roots
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Did Life First Appear in Hell? Did Life First Appear in Hell?
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New, Controversial Scenarios for a Hot Origin of Life New, Controversial Scenarios for a Hot Origin of Life
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An Alternative Hypothesis: A Cold Origin of Life and a Burning LUCA An Alternative Hypothesis: A Cold Origin of Life and a Burning LUCA
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Where We Must Take into Account the RNA World Where We Must Take into Account the RNA World
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A Cold Cradle and a Hot LUCA? A Matter of Bombardments A Cold Cradle and a Hot LUCA? A Matter of Bombardments
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Doubts about the Root Doubts about the Root
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A New Scenario for the Origin of Microbes from Hell: Thermoreduction A New Scenario for the Origin of Microbes from Hell: Thermoreduction
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Challenging the Hyperthermophilic Prokaryote Ancestor? Challenging the Hyperthermophilic Prokaryote Ancestor?
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October 23, 2012: Musée du Quai Branly, Paris October 23, 2012: Musée du Quai Branly, Paris
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A Cold LUCA and Two Hot Ancestors A Cold LUCA and Two Hot Ancestors
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The Great DNA Replication Divide: Vista for an RNA-LUCA? The Great DNA Replication Divide: Vista for an RNA-LUCA?
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Viruses Take the Stage Viruses Take the Stage
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The “Out of Viruses” Hypothesis The “Out of Viruses” Hypothesis
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March 2, 2006: Helsinki March 2, 2006: Helsinki
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Viral Lineages: A Major Advance in Virus Classification Viral Lineages: A Major Advance in Virus Classification
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Where Are Viruses in the Universal Tree of Life? Where Are Viruses in the Universal Tree of Life?
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January 12, 2013: The Death of Ourasi January 12, 2013: The Death of Ourasi
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4 The Universal Tree of Life: Where to Place Microbes from Hell and Their Viruses?
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Published:October 2016
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Abstract
This chapter starts with a vivid description of the Crafoord prize 2003 ceremony in Stockholm when Carl Woese was honoured. The experiments that led to his discovery of archaea are described, with emphasis on the ribosomal RNA, the Rosetta stone of evolutionists. The bases of molecular phylogeny and the construction of the first rooted universal tree are explained. The hypothesis of direct link between a hot origin of life and a hyperthermophilic Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) is criticized, based on the fragility of RNA and the RNA world theory. The author discusses his thermoreduction scenario in which Archaea and Bacteria originated from a cold LUCA by adaptation to high temperature. This scenario is supported by ancestral sequences reconstruction from Manolo Gouy, a “La recherche” prize winner, suggesting a cold LUCA and hot ancestors for Archaea and Bacteria and by comparative genomic suggesting that LUCA had a RNA genome. A visit to virologist Dennis Bamford in Helsinki allows discussing arguments revealing that viruses were already present at the time of LUCA and played a major role in the RNA to DNA transition. The chapter ends on challenging questions; are viruses living and where are there in the tree of life?
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