
Contents
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4.1 Introduction 4.1 Introduction
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4.2 Local Weather and Drought 4.2 Local Weather and Drought
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4.3 Data and Summary Statistics 4.3 Data and Summary Statistics
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4.4 Price Effects and Transportation Costs 4.4 Price Effects and Transportation Costs
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4.5 Empirical Model 4.5 Empirical Model
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4.5.1 Other Producer's Weather 4.5.1 Other Producer's Weather
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4.5.2 Reduced Form Models 4.5.2 Reduced Form Models
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4.6 Results 4.6 Results
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4.6.1 The Dominant Shifts in Supply or Demand Associated with Weather Changes 4.6.1 The Dominant Shifts in Supply or Demand Associated with Weather Changes
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4.6.2 Cotton Prices and Weather: Tables and and Figure 4.6.2 Cotton Prices and Weather: Tables and and Figure
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4.6.3 Corn Prices and Weather: Tables and and Figure 4.6.3 Corn Prices and Weather: Tables and and Figure
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4.6.4 Hay Prices and Weather: Tables and and Figure 4.6.4 Hay Prices and Weather: Tables and and Figure
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4.6.5 Wheat Prices and Weather: Tables and and Figure 4.6.5 Wheat Prices and Weather: Tables and and Figure
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4.7 Concluding Remarks 4.7 Concluding Remarks
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References References
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4 The Effects of Weather Shocks on Crop Prices in Unfettered Markets: The United States Prior to the Farm Programs, 1895–1932
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Published:June 2011
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Abstract
The chapter addresses the cost of climate-related events by examining the impact on agricultural prices. The main goal is to examine the sensitivity of agricultural prices and output to local and nonlocal weather fluctuations over a large span of time in the United States prior to 1932, when markets were relatively unfettered by farm programs. The study assembles a thirty-seven-year panel of state data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) for cotton, corn, wheat, and hay and from the National Climatic Data Center for temperature and precipitation, including the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Changes in temperature and precipitation, and weather disasters like droughts, floods, heat waves, and blizzards, have direct effects on crop yields and the vitality of farm animals. In this chapter, three great staple crops (cotton, corn, and wheat) as well as hay of the United States are discussed. The results of the analysis show that hay and corn prices were substantially more responsive to local weather shocks than were cotton and wheat prices. The chapter discusses how the reduction of transactions costs through globalization might potentially mitigate the effects of localized weather shocks.
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