
Contents
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6.1 Introduction 6.1 Introduction
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6.2 Simplifications for smoother reading 6.2 Simplifications for smoother reading
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6.2.1 Species and topics 6.2.1 Species and topics
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6.2.2 Levels of detail 6.2.2 Levels of detail
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6.3 Behavior of two araneids 6.3 Behavior of two araneids
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6.3.1 Higher-level organization: the stages of construction 6.3.1 Higher-level organization: the stages of construction
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6.3.2 Exploration and establishing early lines 6.3.2 Exploration and establishing early lines
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6.3.2.1 Use previous lines or start from scratch? 6.3.2.1 Use previous lines or start from scratch?
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6.3.2.2 Problems in starting from scratch 6.3.2.2 Problems in starting from scratch
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6.3.2.3 Basic operations during exploration 6.3.2.3 Basic operations during exploration
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6.3.2.3.1 Gathering sensory information and laying the first lines 6.3.2.3.1 Gathering sensory information and laying the first lines
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6.3.2.3.2 The end of exploration and the “hub transition” 6.3.2.3.2 The end of exploration and the “hub transition”
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6.3.3 Frames, secondary radii, and hub loops 6.3.3 Frames, secondary radii, and hub loops
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6.3.3.1 The other “primary” frames 6.3.3.1 The other “primary” frames
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6.3.3.2 Secondary radii 6.3.3.2 Secondary radii
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6.3.3.3 Secondary frames 6.3.3.3 Secondary frames
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6.3.3.4 Hub loops 6.3.3.4 Hub loops
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6.3.4 Temporary spiral and tertiary radii 6.3.4 Temporary spiral and tertiary radii
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6.3.5 Sticky spiral 6.3.5 Sticky spiral
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6.3.5.1 Break temporary spiral lines 6.3.5.1 Break temporary spiral lines
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6.3.6 Modify the hub 6.3.6 Modify the hub
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6.3.7 Stabilimentum 6.3.7 Stabilimentum
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6.3.8 Orb web repair 6.3.8 Orb web repair
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6.3.9 Web removal and recycling 6.3.9 Web removal and recycling
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6.4 Senility in orb construction: a new frontier? 6.4 Senility in orb construction: a new frontier?
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6.5 Detailed movements 6.5 Detailed movements
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6.5.1 Patterns in variation: high diversity produces low diversity 6.5.1 Patterns in variation: high diversity produces low diversity
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6.5.2 Variation: a caution against stereotypy and typology 6.5.2 Variation: a caution against stereotypy and typology
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6.6 General patterns 6.6 General patterns
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6.6.1 Dexterity, the blind man’s cane, and following other legs 6.6.1 Dexterity, the blind man’s cane, and following other legs
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6.6.2 Patterns of tension changes during construction: a tendency to relax 6.6.2 Patterns of tension changes during construction: a tendency to relax
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6.6.3 Missing details 6.6.3 Missing details
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6.7 Summary 6.7 Summary
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6 The building behavior of orb-weavers
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Published:December 2020
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Abstract
Orb construction behavior can be analyzed at several levels of organization, and these different levels show different patterns in both intra-individual flexibility and inter-specific diversity. At the very low level of leg and body movements, the behavior of even a single individual is extremely variable, and the old image of an orb weaver as a simple automaton is especially inappropriate. For instance, a spider building the sticky spiral above the hub in a vertical orb makes quite different movements than she does below the hub. These lower level variations are highly patterned, however, in ways that enable the behavior at the next level up to be relatively stereotyped: large amounts of variation at a lower level produce smaller amounts of variation at a higher level. Lower level adjustments are made and the individual movements are coordinated smoothly and rapidly to produce the higher level invariability. For each attachment of the sticky spiral, for instance, the spider Micrathena duodecimspinosa (AR) accomplished at least ten decisions and seven different operations/attachment, and could make >1 attachment(s).
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