
Contents
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The public transformation of chemical dyes The public transformation of chemical dyes
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Industrial production of dyes Industrial production of dyes
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Industrial production of food Industrial production of food
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Testing and understanding new substances Testing and understanding new substances
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Food adulteration and the rise of the public analysts Food adulteration and the rise of the public analysts
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The creation of experts, expertise, and expert systems The creation of experts, expertise, and expert systems
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Cite
Abstract
The ability of chemists to synthesize hundreds of different dyes from coal tar, a waste product of the gas industry, literally transformed the material world of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Paints, textiles, art, ceramics and even food shone brighter. Commentators in the burgeoning press heaped praise on the chemists and their new wonders. Production of the new dyes led to a transformation in chemical manufacturing and the status of chemistry. Unexpectedly for the chemists, the new dyes also formed part of a huge transformation in industrial food production. The introduction of man-made chemicals as food additives led to debates about food purity and safety and whom to trust in an increasingly complex and lengthy food chain. Manufacturers, retailers, the press, politicians, scientists, and the public jostled to mediate over who should have authority in food and what substances should be considered legitimate food additives. The introduction of new substances into the food supply led to new forms of testing and expertise.
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