
Contents
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1 Behavioral Invisibility: The Reliability of Supplier Data and the Unique Role of Audit Consultants
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What Does Prior Research on FOA and CB in Global Supply Chains Show? What Does Prior Research on FOA and CB in Global Supply Chains Show?
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Ambiguity Continues in Codes of Conduct Ambiguity Continues in Codes of Conduct
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Private Regulation Has Not Overcome Institutional Antagonism to FOA and CB Private Regulation Has Not Overcome Institutional Antagonism to FOA and CB
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The Monitoring Industry Pays Little Attention to FOA and CB The Monitoring Industry Pays Little Attention to FOA and CB
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Workers and Labor Standards: A Question of Agency Workers and Labor Standards: A Question of Agency
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Effects on Employment Relations Effects on Employment Relations
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Substantiating the Arguments about FOA and CB Substantiating the Arguments about FOA and CB
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Primary Sourcing from Countries with Low Institutional Support for FOA and CB Primary Sourcing from Countries with Low Institutional Support for FOA and CB
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Low Levels of Detection of FOA and CB Violations Low Levels of Detection of FOA and CB Violations
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The Nature of FOA and CB Violations The Nature of FOA and CB Violations
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The Role of Unions and CBAs in Compliance The Role of Unions and CBAs in Compliance
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Conclusion Conclusion
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6 Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining in Global Supply Chains
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Published:April 2021
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Abstract
This chapter addresses freedom of association (FOA) and collective bargaining (CB) in global supply chains. FOA and CB rights are internationally recognized as core and fundamental human rights of global citizens. Thus, in 1998 when the International Labour Organization recast its objectives to promote “decent work,” FOA and CB were among the “core labor rights,” along with the freedom from child and forced labor and freedom from discrimination. The chapter uses diverse datasets from brands, auditing firms, multi stakeholder institutions (MSIs), and Better Work to assess FOA and CB in the global apparel industry and substantiate the arguments. The breadth of the data permits systematic and comprehensive analysis of the incidence and nature of FOA violations and the influence of FOA and CB on overall labor standards in the industry. FOA and CB show great promise for improving compliance with codes of conduct overall — the expressed goal of private regulation — but FOA and CB are the least supported rights in current private regulation efforts. In other words, most companies with private regulation programs are eschewing the very rights that could potentially improve the functioning of their private regulation programs.
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