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Migration and Kinship across the Thar Desert Migration and Kinship across the Thar Desert
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Narratives of Border Crossing Narratives of Border Crossing
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Gulab Singh Gulab Singh
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Vir Singh Vir Singh
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Ram Singh Ram Singh
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5 The Work of Belonging: Citizenship and Social Capital across the Thar Desert
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Published:November 2021
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Abstract
This chapter turns to migrant Hindu men from the west who—no less than the Bengali women from the east—have to work to belong locally. Although the men in this chapter are no strangers to the state (i.e., they are Hindu rather than Muslim), who welcomes them into the fold of the nation as always-already citizens. The police and local administration abet their border crossings regardless of their formal legality, often granting permission for entry and residence that are at odds with explicit official orders they have received. The chapter emphasizes that these Pakistani men are welcomed into citizenship by a state eager to manage its border demographics, they do not always meet with a similarly effusive reception among the family for whom they remain strangers, regardless of being connected as kin through the maternal line. Despite state patronage, within social networks, the stigma of being “from Pakistan” or the corrosion of trust through suspicion of their being “traitors” (desh drohi), informers (sources), or “double agents” makes it much more difficult for these border crossers to be seamlessly accepted within the family or the wider society. Once again, the work of belonging involves a reconfiguration of traditional marriage patterns and the place of “honor” in reckoning political lineage.
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