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At the time of the Disruption in 1843, as today, the Church of Scotland was organised in a hierarchy of courts, with the higher courts having power to review the decisions of lower courts.
At the lowest level was the kirk session, comprising the parish minister and his elders. They had jurisdiction over the members of the congregation in matters of discipline.
Above the kirk session was the presbytery, made up of the ministers of the parishes within the area covered by the presbytery, for example Glasgow or Edinburgh. The eighty-two presbyteries exercised discipline over the ministers in their area and also ordained and admitted presentees to office as parish ministers. Part of the procedure for the appointment of a minister involved a call from the congregation, inviting the person concerned to become their minister. (The status of such calls was disputed.) One of the purposes of the Chapels Act, passed by the General Assembly in 1834, but held to be invalid by the Court of Session in 1843, was to include ministers of churches, other than parish churches, as members of the presbytery and higher courts.
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