
Contents
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Preface Preface
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Section One: Freedom of Belief and Religion in Traditional Islam Section One: Freedom of Belief and Religion in Traditional Islam
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First Group: Muslims First Group: Muslims
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Second Group: People of the Book Second Group: People of the Book
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Third Group: Unbelievers Third Group: Unbelievers
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Section Two: The Desirability and Goodness of the Freedom of Belief and Religion Section Two: The Desirability and Goodness of the Freedom of Belief and Religion
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Critique of the Assumptions behind the Denial of the Freedom of Belief and Religion Critique of the Assumptions behind the Denial of the Freedom of Belief and Religion
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The Rational Rulings on Freedom of Belief and Religion The Rational Rulings on Freedom of Belief and Religion
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ection Three: Freedom of Belief and Religion in Reformist Islam ection Three: Freedom of Belief and Religion in Reformist Islam
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First Stage: The Qur’anic Arguments for the Freedom of Belief and Religion in Islam First Stage: The Qur’anic Arguments for the Freedom of Belief and Religion in Islam
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First Category: The Denial of Coercion and Compulsion in Religion and Faith First Category: The Denial of Coercion and Compulsion in Religion and Faith
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Second Category: Freedom to Choose the Temporal Option of Guidance or Deviation Second Category: Freedom to Choose the Temporal Option of Guidance or Deviation
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Third Category: The Duties of the Prophet, the Delivery of Truth not the Forcing of Truth Third Category: The Duties of the Prophet, the Delivery of Truth not the Forcing of Truth
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Fourth Category: Disapproval of Punishment for Change in Religion Fourth Category: Disapproval of Punishment for Change in Religion
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Fifth Category: The Critique of how People of Different Religions Relate to One Another and the Will of God Concerning Differences in Human Beliefs Fifth Category: The Critique of how People of Different Religions Relate to One Another and the Will of God Concerning Differences in Human Beliefs
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Sixth Category: The Lack of Temporal Punishment for Apostasy Sixth Category: The Lack of Temporal Punishment for Apostasy
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Seventh Category: Ways of Being Invited to Religion Seventh Category: Ways of Being Invited to Religion
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Conclusion of the Qur’anic Arguments Conclusion of the Qur’anic Arguments
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Second Stage: Critique of the Evidence Used in the Traditional Reading Second Stage: Critique of the Evidence Used in the Traditional Reading
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First: The Ruling for the Temporal Punishment of the Muslim Apostate First: The Ruling for the Temporal Punishment of the Muslim Apostate
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Second: Rulings of Dhimmis Second: Rulings of Dhimmis
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Third: The Absence of the Right to Life for the Non-dhimma Unbeliever Third: The Absence of the Right to Life for the Non-dhimma Unbeliever
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Epilogue Epilogue
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8 The Freedom of Belief and Religion in Islam and Human Rights Documents
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Published:September 2020
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Abstract
This chapter considers the freedom of Belief and Religion in Islam and absolute rejection of worldly punishments for apostasy. The first section analyses the conventional Islamic reading of the issue of freedom of belief and religion, as well the evidence it is based on. The second section addresses the task of proving that the freedom of religion and belief is desirable and beneficial. In looking at original Islamic texts, extracting the fundamental criteria of the religion, and criticising the arguments of the conventional reading, the third section provides the evidence for the freedom of belief and religion in Islam. People are free to choose their religion and belief, and nobody can pressure or force another into accepting the religion of truth and correct beliefs. Islam recognizes the plurality of religions and beliefs, meaning that some will follow the Divine invitation and others will remain in error. No temporal punishments have been set for having a false religion or belief. One cannot force another into changing his or her religion. Apostasy has no temporal punishment The choice of non-Muslims between acceptance of Islam or execution (or enslavement) is in deep conflict with the explicit verses of the Qur’an and Prophetic Tradition.
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