
Contents
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About Practising About Practising
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The Four Criteria of Practising The Four Criteria of Practising
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Shikantaza and the Four Criteria Shikantaza and the Four Criteria
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The First Criterion: Form – a Practice or Structured Behaviour The First Criterion: Form – a Practice or Structured Behaviour
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The Second Criterion: Intentional Repetition The Second Criterion: Intentional Repetition
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Less and More than Habit Less and More than Habit
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The Third Criterion: Relaxation The Third Criterion: Relaxation
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The Fourth Criterion: Repeating Repetition The Fourth Criterion: Repeating Repetition
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Summary Summary
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1 A Framework for Practising: Deriving the Four Criteria
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Published:September 2021
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Abstract
This chapter offers a thorough definition and discussion of the term ‘practising’ more generally (as delimited by the book), before applying it widely to a variety of ‘practices’ (or sets of behaviours) such as creative art, daily tasks and also so-called spiritual practices, such as yoga, meditation etc. Via a close reading of the basic form of Soto Zen practice—shikantaza—the chapter then derives four criteria that can assist in clarifying when practising per se is in play. The four criteria are: form (a practice or structured behaviour); intentional repetition; relaxation; repeating repetition. These are discussed in detail to elucidate further how practising operates, both in conversation with Zen sources (Dogen and others) as well as with Deleuzian philosophy and criticism. The chapter includes a discussion of the threshold between habit and practising, which is taken up in Chapter 2.
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