
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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Carving Out the Domains of Moral Cognition Carving Out the Domains of Moral Cognition
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Evolution of Harm/Care Behaviors and Concerns Evolution of Harm/Care Behaviors and Concerns
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Economic Games in Humans and Nonhuman Animals Economic Games in Humans and Nonhuman Animals
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Instrumental Helping Tasks in Humans and Primates Instrumental Helping Tasks in Humans and Primates
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Accounting for Species Differences in Harm and Care Behaviors Accounting for Species Differences in Harm and Care Behaviors
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Evolution of Fairness/Reciprocity Behaviors and Concerns Evolution of Fairness/Reciprocity Behaviors and Concerns
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Human Behavior in Fairness Tasks Human Behavior in Fairness Tasks
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Nonhuman Behavior in Fairness Tasks Nonhuman Behavior in Fairness Tasks
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Re-evaluating Primate's Performance in Fairness Studies Re-evaluating Primate's Performance in Fairness Studies
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Evolution of Ingroup/Loyalty Behaviors and Concerns Evolution of Ingroup/Loyalty Behaviors and Concerns
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Human Ingroup Loyalty Human Ingroup Loyalty
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Nonhuman ingroup favoritism Nonhuman ingroup favoritism
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Evolution of Authority/Respect Behaviors and Concerns Evolution of Authority/Respect Behaviors and Concerns
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Evolution of Purity/Sanctity Behaviors and Concerns Evolution of Purity/Sanctity Behaviors and Concerns
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Conclusions Conclusions
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Future Directions Future Directions
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Endnotes Endnotes
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References References
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23 The Evolution of Morality: Which Aspects of Human Moral Concerns Are Shared With Nonhuman Primates?
Get accessMark Sheskin, Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
Laurie Santos, Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
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Published:18 September 2012
Cite
Abstract
Morality is a critical part of human society. This chapter explores the origins of human morality by examining whether nonhuman primate species share aspects of five domains thought to be important in human moral behavior—concerns involving harm, fairness, hierarchy, ingroup allegiance, and purity. Behaviors in the harm domain have received the most attention from researchers, and converging lines of evidence suggest that some primates express harm concerns. The domain of fairness has become a recent focus of primate research, with active debate about whether closely related primates share human-like concerns. Moral behaviors regarding ingroup allegiance, authority, and purity have received the least attention in nonhuman species, though recent work suggests that research with primates might productively pursue the ingroup allegiance and authority domains. Future primate research will continue to elucidate the nature of human morality, and should include an increased focus on the previously neglected domains of ingroup and hierarchy.
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