
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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The Evolution of Comparative Cognition Darwin and the Anthropocentric Approach The Evolution of Comparative Cognition Darwin and the Anthropocentric Approach
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The Development of Evolutionary Comparative Cognition The Development of Evolutionary Comparative Cognition
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Challenges Challenges
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From Anthropomorphism to Behavioral Tests From Anthropomorphism to Behavioral Tests
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Animal memory and functional similarity Animal memory and functional similarity
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Metacognition and awareness Metacognition and awareness
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Episodic memory: The challenge of multiple definitions Episodic memory: The challenge of multiple definitions
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Future planning, tool use, and folk psychology Future planning, tool use, and folk psychology
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Varieties of Proximal Cause Varieties of Proximal Cause
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Function and Mechanism and Different Ways of Using Language Function and Mechanism and Different Ways of Using Language
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Clever Animals and Killjoy Explanations Clever Animals and Killjoy Explanations
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Cognition from the Bottom Up Cognition from the Bottom Up
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Future Directions Future Directions
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
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References References
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28 Darwin, Tinbergen, and the Evolution of Comparative Cognition
Get accessSara J. Shettleworth, Department of Psychology and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Published:18 September 2012
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Abstract
Darwin and Tinbergen represent two enduring contrasts in comparative cognitive psychology: in the types of behaviors studied and the kinds of explanations sought. Darwin encouraged the search for human-like behaviors in animals as evidence for evolutionary continuity of mental processes. Tinbergen encouraged the careful causal analysis of animal behaviors as such and eschewed interpretations in terms of anthropomorphic processes. The Darwinian program has reemerged in contemporary research on comparative cognition. Its development and relationship to other areas of behavioral biology are traced. In using behavior as a window onto the animal mind, it is important to remember the lessons of Tinbergen and like-minded behaviorists in psychology. Several of the challenges that arise in attempting to show that other species share complex cognitive processes with humans are discussed in the light of the contrast represented by Darwin and Tinbergen, as are examples of how these approaches are being productively integrated.
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