
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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Physiological measurement of auditory expectations: predicting what will happen next Physiological measurement of auditory expectations: predicting what will happen next
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Acoustic expectations reflected in the MMN response Acoustic expectations reflected in the MMN response
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Expectations in musical contexts Expectations in musical contexts
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The early development of musical expectations in infants The early development of musical expectations in infants
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Temporal expectations and auditory—motor interactions: predicting when events will occur Temporal expectations and auditory—motor interactions: predicting when events will occur
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Future directions: understanding the neurobiology behind music expectations and emotional responses Future directions: understanding the neurobiology behind music expectations and emotional responses
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
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References References
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16 The neurobiological basis of musical expectations
Get accessLaurel J. Trainor, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behavior, McMaster University, Canada
Robert J. Zatorre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University and International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Research (BRAMS)
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Published:December 2008
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Abstract
This article explores how the auditory system processes incoming information and generates perceptual representations that allow it to make predictions about future sound events from past context, and how music appears to make use of this general processing mechanism. It focuses on expectation formation in auditory cortex because this is where the most research has been done, but there is also evidence for prediction mechanisms at subcortical levels and at levels beyond sensory areas. The article presents a framework for thinking about the neurological basis of expectation and prediction in musical processing using selected examples.
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