
Contents
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28.1 Introduction 28.1 Introduction
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28.2 Phonology 28.2 Phonology
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28.2.1 Consonants 28.2.1 Consonants
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28.2.2 Vowels 28.2.2 Vowels
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28.2.3 Phonemic and morphophonemic changes 28.2.3 Phonemic and morphophonemic changes
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28.2.3.1 Word-final devoicing 28.2.3.1 Word-final devoicing
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28.2.3.2 Interaction between labiovelars and vowels 28.2.3.2 Interaction between labiovelars and vowels
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28.2.3.3 Interaction between gutturals and vowels 28.2.3.3 Interaction between gutturals and vowels
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28.2.3.4 Loss of ʔ 28.2.3.4 Loss of ʔ
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28.2.3.5 Interaction between vowels and approximants 28.2.3.5 Interaction between vowels and approximants
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28.2.3.6 Consonant assimilation 28.2.3.6 Consonant assimilation
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28.2.4 Stress 28.2.4 Stress
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28.2.5 Syllable types 28.2.5 Syllable types
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28.3 Word classes 28.3 Word classes
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28.4 Morphology 28.4 Morphology
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28.4.1 Verb morphology 28.4.1 Verb morphology
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28.4.1.1 Verb conjugation 28.4.1.1 Verb conjugation
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28.4.1.1.1 Synthetic forms 28.4.1.1.1 Synthetic forms
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28.4.1.1.2 Copula verbs 28.4.1.1.2 Copula verbs
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28.4.1.1.3 Object indexes 28.4.1.1.3 Object indexes
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28.4.1.1.4 Relativized verbs 28.4.1.1.4 Relativized verbs
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28.4.1.1.5 Analytic forms 28.4.1.1.5 Analytic forms
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28.4.1.2 Verb stems of triliteral roots 28.4.1.2 Verb stems of triliteral roots
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28.4.1.3 Non-triliteral verbs 28.4.1.3 Non-triliteral verbs
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28.4.1.4 Non-productive stems 28.4.1.4 Non-productive stems
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28.4.1.5 Compound verbs 28.4.1.5 Compound verbs
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28.4.2 Nominal morphology 28.4.2 Nominal morphology
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28.4.2.1 Nominal inflection 28.4.2.1 Nominal inflection
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28.4.2.1.1 Number 28.4.2.1.1 Number
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28.4.2.1.2 Gender 28.4.2.1.2 Gender
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28.4.2.1.3 Nouns with possessive indexes 28.4.2.1.3 Nouns with possessive indexes
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28.4.2.2 Nominal derivation 28.4.2.2 Nominal derivation
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28.4.3 Numerals 28.4.3 Numerals
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28.4.4 Pronouns 28.4.4 Pronouns
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28.4.5 Article 28.4.5 Article
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28.4.6 Adverbs 28.4.6 Adverbs
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28.4.7 Adpositions 28.4.7 Adpositions
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28.4.8 Conjunctions 28.4.8 Conjunctions
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28.4.8.1 Coordinating conjunctions 28.4.8.1 Coordinating conjunctions
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28.4.8.2 Subordinating conjunctions 28.4.8.2 Subordinating conjunctions
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28.4.9 Distributive forms 28.4.9 Distributive forms
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28.5 Syntax 28.5 Syntax
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28.5.1 Noun phrase 28.5.1 Noun phrase
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28.5.2 Copular clauses 28.5.2 Copular clauses
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28.5.2.1 Equative, attributive, and locative clauses 28.5.2.1 Equative, attributive, and locative clauses
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28.5.2.2 Existential construction 28.5.2.2 Existential construction
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28.5.2.3 Predicative possession 28.5.2.3 Predicative possession
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28.5.3 Verbal clauses 28.5.3 Verbal clauses
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28.5.3.1 Pronominal subjects and objects 28.5.3.1 Pronominal subjects and objects
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28.5.3.2 Coding of syntactic roles on noun phrases 28.5.3.2 Coding of syntactic roles on noun phrases
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28.5.3.3 Negative clauses 28.5.3.3 Negative clauses
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28.5.3.4 Interrogative clauses 28.5.3.4 Interrogative clauses
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28.5.3.5 Subordinate clauses 28.5.3.5 Subordinate clauses
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28.6 Pragmatics 28.6 Pragmatics
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28.7 Lexicon 28.7 Lexicon
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements
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28 Tigrinya
Get accessMaria Bulakh studied linguistics at the Russian State University for the Humanities (Moscow) and did her PhD on the etymologization of colour terms in Semitic. Since 2017 she is an associate professor at the Institute for Oriental and Classical Studies, HSE University (Moscow). Her main areas of research are comparative Semitic studies (with a focus on Ethiosemitic languages), typology of semantic shifts, and language description. She was a member of the editorial team of the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica from 2004 to 2008, and a member of the editorial board of the collective volume Languages of the World, Semitic Languages, Ethiosemitic Languages (in Russian, Moscow, 2013). Since 2011 she has been engaged in a project on the description of the Soqotri language and the recording of Soqotran folklore.
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Published:22 May 2023
Cite
Abstract
Tigrinya is the working language of the Tigray National Regional State (Ethiopia) and of the government of Eritrea. It is also spoken in Ethiopian and Eritrean diaspora in Israel, Europe, and the USA. Most of its speakers are Christians. The language is used in mass media, education, and administration. Tigrinya orthography is based on the expanded Ethiopic syllabary. The phonological system of Tigrinya contains pharyngeals and laryngeals. The striking feature of the nominal morphology is preservation of the broken plural. The main innovation in the domain of the verbal morphology is the emerging of a new verbal category, based on the morphological converb forms, but having the function of simple perfective.
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