
Contents
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7.1 Introduction 7.1 Introduction
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7.2 Historical features 7.2 Historical features
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7.3 Post-independence reorientation 7.3 Post-independence reorientation
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7.3.1 Lifespan changes and the adoption of rhoticity 7.3.1 Lifespan changes and the adoption of rhoticity
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7.4 Lexical sets for Irish English 7.4 Lexical sets for Irish English
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7.5 Supraregional Irish English 7.5 Supraregional Irish English
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7.5.1 Vowels 7.5.1 Vowels
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7.5.1.1 Long vowels 7.5.1.1 Long vowels
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7.5.1.2 The diphthongs /aɪ/ and /aʊ/ 7.5.1.2 The diphthongs /aɪ/ and /aʊ/
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7.5.1.3 Short vowels 7.5.1.3 Short vowels
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7.5.1.4 Vowel reduction 7.5.1.4 Vowel reduction
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7.5.2 Consonants 7.5.2 Consonants
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7.5.2.1 Dentals and alveolars 7.5.2.1 Dentals and alveolars
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7.5.2.2 Labio-velars 7.5.2.2 Labio-velars
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7.5.2.3 Types of R 7.5.2.3 Types of R
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7.5.2.3.1 Velarized alveolar continuant 7.5.2.3.1 Velarized alveolar continuant
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7.5.2.3.2 Uvular R 7.5.2.3.2 Uvular R
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7.5.2.3.3 Retroflex R 7.5.2.3.3 Retroflex R
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7.5.2.4 Types of L 7.5.2.4 Types of L
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7.5.2.5 The position of H 7.5.2.5 The position of H
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7.5.2.6 Yod dropping 7.5.2.6 Yod dropping
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7.5.3 Lenition in Irish English 7.5.3 Lenition in Irish English
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7.5.4 Stress patterning 7.5.4 Stress patterning
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7.6 The Dublin vowel shift 7.6 The Dublin vowel shift
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7.7 Short front vowel lowering 7.7 Short front vowel lowering
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7.8 Conclusion 7.8 Conclusion
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References References
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7 The Pronunciation of English in Ireland
Get accessRaymond Hickey is Adjunct Professor at the University of Limerick and former Professor of General Linguistics at the University of Duisburg-Essen. His research centres around varieties of English, especially Irish English, eighteenth-century English, and issues of standardization of English, language contact, and areal linguistics, as well as sociolinguistic variation and change. Among his recent book publications are Listening to the Past: Audio Records of Accents of English (Cambridge University Press, 2017), The Cambridge Handbook of Areal Linguistics (Cambridge University Press, 2017), English in the German-Speaking World (Cambridge University Press, 2020), English in Multilingual South Africa (Cambridge University Press, 2020), Handbook of Language Contact (Wiley, 2020), and Sounds of English World-Wide (Wiley-Blackwell, 2023). He is also general editor of the New Cambridge History of the English Language.
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Published:18 December 2023
Cite
Abstract
With the first documents from the late Middle Ages, a specifically Irish form of English is clearly visible. Features of this variety reappeared in the satirical literary texts of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, documenting a range of features, such as an incomplete Great Vowel Shift, which had become typical of Irish English. The dawn of the modern era in the late nineteenth century shows a split in varieties, on the one hand vernacular forms and on the other more supraregional ones which were influenced by British pronunciation norms. With independence for the south of Ireland in 1922 a reorientation towards endonormative models took place leading to supraregional Irish English of the late twentieth century. Further changes, emanating from Dublin in the 1990s and into the 2000s, continued the ever-changing nature of non-local varieties of Irish English which are increasingly under the influence of forms of English from outside, chiefly from North America.
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