
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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35.1 Evolving Sanitation Policy in India 35.1 Evolving Sanitation Policy in India
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35.2 Challenges Associated with Existing Sanitation Policies 35.2 Challenges Associated with Existing Sanitation Policies
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35.2.1 Politics and Inequalities Determining Access to Safe Sanitation 35.2.1 Politics and Inequalities Determining Access to Safe Sanitation
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35.2.2 Beyond Toilets: Are They Really Improved Sanitation Systems? 35.2.2 Beyond Toilets: Are They Really Improved Sanitation Systems?
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35.2.3 Manual Scavenging and Caste-Based Discrimination 35.2.3 Manual Scavenging and Caste-Based Discrimination
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35.3 Looking Forward: Addressing Emerging Challenges 35.3 Looking Forward: Addressing Emerging Challenges
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35.3.1 Addressing the Sanitation Chain Beyond Access to Toilets 35.3.1 Addressing the Sanitation Chain Beyond Access to Toilets
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35.3.2 Rights-Bearing Citizens Rather than Beneficiaries 35.3.2 Rights-Bearing Citizens Rather than Beneficiaries
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35.3.3 Need for Attention to Neglected Dimensions Across the Sanitation Chain 35.3.3 Need for Attention to Neglected Dimensions Across the Sanitation Chain
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35.3.4 Governance and Financing Priorities 35.3.4 Governance and Financing Priorities
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Suggestions for Further Reading Suggestions for Further Reading
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35 Sanitation: Linkages with the Environment and Public Health
Get accessTanvi Bhatkal, Postdoctoral Researcher, Institute of Development Studies, Sussex, Brighton.
Lyla Mehta, Professorial Fellow, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton and Visiting Professor, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
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Published:18 July 2024
Cite
Abstract
Sanitation has been the object of much attention over the past couple of decades. The construction of toilets has been at the centre of policy interest, and given particular emphasis in the context of the Swachh Bharat Mission. There are multiple environmental and public health aspects that arise in the context of sanitation. These include the links between open defecation or the absence of wastewater treatment and contamination of surface and groundwater. Some of these challenges are addressed in part through the construction of toilets but these, in turn, create new challenges, such as concerning the disposal of septage. Sanitation also raises various rights-related issues in a context where there has been a strong link between caste and sanitation, most clearly articulated in the context of the practice of manual scavenging. This chapter highlights the various environment and health-related dimensions of sanitation policy and law.
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