
Contents
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The Long Shadow of Poor Relief The Long Shadow of Poor Relief
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Provincial Social Assistance over Time Provincial Social Assistance over Time
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Provincial Social Assistance across Space Provincial Social Assistance across Space
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The Limits of the Middle-Class Frame The Limits of the Middle-Class Frame
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Conclusion Conclusion
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References References
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Notes Notes
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Social Assistance in the Canadian Provinces
Get accessAlain Noël is Professor in the Département de science politique, Université de Montréal.
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Published:20 March 2025
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Abstract
This chapter takes a comparative look at social assistance in the Canadian provinces. It confirms that Canadian provinces stand near the bottom of the OECD for the adequacy of welfare incomes. The analysis shows as well that the number of persons receiving social assistance has declined significantly over the years. Provincial governments, however, did not use the fiscal slack created by a lower number of cases to improve the incomes of those who remained. The adequacy of welfare incomes hardly improved in the 2000s. Behind these outcomes, there is a politics of provincial social assistance. In part, it is a politics of neglect, inherited from the old poor relief tradition. More importantly, the politics of social assistance programs appears to be a component of the broader politics of the welfare state. As predicted by the power resources theory, the lasting presence in government of parties of the left and the strength of the trade unions in a province are associated with more adequate incomes, and right-wing governments with less adequate incomes.
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