An Endocrine Society Thematic Issue: Neuroendocrinology 2024
April 2024
Read our special collection of journal articles, published in 2023-2024, focused on neuroendocrinology! Curation of the collection was guided by Altmetric Attention Scores, article downloads, and Featured Article designations.
In Journal of the Endocrine Society, McCormack and colleagues find safety but not efficacy in a pilot trial of intranasal oxytocin for the treatment of hypothalamic obesity. Shi and associates describe clinical characteristics of a group of patients with cardiac paragangliomas. Abeledo-Machado et al. review intra-pituitary mechanisms regulating prolactin levels.
In JCEM Case Reports, Goh and coauthors describe the case of a man with an aggressive plurihormonal pituitary adenoma. Galbiati and Kaiser provide an account of a somatotroph adenoma causing growth hormone excess in a young adult. Costanza and colleagues detail a rare case involving pituitary metastases from a primary colon cancer.
In Endocrine Reviews, Eisenhofer et al. assess advances in the biochemical assessment of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Langouche and coauthors explain how “the classical concept of an activated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in response to critical illness is in need of revision.” Timmers and colleagues survey advances in techniques for imaging pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.
In Endocrinology, Decourt and coauthors report that deletion of androgen receptors from kisspeptin neurons prevents the development of features of polycystic ovary syndrome in a mouse model. Wall et al. document fluctuations in prolactin as well as gonadal steroid levels across the mouse estrous cycle. McIntyre and colleagues detail how suppression of luteinizing hormone pulse frequency in response to neuronal activation from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus is mediated by GABAergic signaling intrinsic to the nucleus.
In JCEM, de Castro Moreira and associates report that prolactin receptor variants are associated with dopamine agonist resistance as well as with prolactinomas. Shoemaker and Tamaroff review approaches to the patient with hypothalamic obesity. And Mamelak et al. provide results from a prospective, multicenter observational study of surgical versus non-surgical management of pituitary apoplexy.
Journal of the Endocrine Society
Hypothalamic obesity is a rare, treatment-resistant form of obesity. In preliminary studies, the hypothalamic hormone oxytocin (OXT) has shown promise as a potential weight loss therapy.
Paragangliomas located within the pericardium represent a rare yet challenging clinical situation.
Serum prolactin (PRL) levels exhibit a gradual rise both in male and female rats from birth to adulthood, with females consistently displaying higher levels compared to age-matched males. This pattern has traditionally been attributed to the development and maturation of...
JCEM Case Reports
A 31-year-old gentleman presented with clinical hyperthyroidism, goiter, bitemporal hemianopia, and discordant thyroid function test. The high alpha-subunit and absence of throtropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH) response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation indicated a TSH-secreting pituitary tumor. Elevation in prolactin and growth...
GH-secreting pituitary adenomas can cause gigantism or acromegaly, determined by onset before or after epiphyseal fusion of the distal ends of the radius and ulna. Overlapping phenotypes can occur when the condition presents peripubertally. Gigantism is associated with identifiable hereditary...
Pituitary metastases are rare. Until now, few cases have been reported; about 50% of pituitary metastases originate from breast or lung cancers. We describe the clinical case of a primary colon carcinoma first presenting with a pituitary metastasis. A 76-year-old...
Endocrine Reviews
Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) require prompt consideration and efficient diagnosis and treatment to minimize associated morbidity and mortality. Once considered, appropriate biochemical testing is key to diagnosis. Advances in understanding catecholamine metabolism have clarified why measurements of the O-methylated catecholamine...
Based on insights obtained during the past decade, the classical concept of an activated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in response to critical illness is in need of revision. After a brief central hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activation, the vital maintenance of increased systemic cortisol...
Pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas are unique in their highly variable molecular landscape driven by genetic alterations, either germline or somatic. These mutations translate into different clusters with distinct tumor locations, biochemical/metabolomic features, tumor cell characteristics (eg, receptors, transporters), and disease course. Such tumor...
Endocrinology
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of anovulatory infertility and is a heterogenous condition associated with a range of reproductive and metabolic impairments. While its etiology remains unclear, hyperandrogenism and impaired steroid negative feedback have been identified as...
Despite the importance of the mouse in biomedical research, the levels of circulating gonadal steroids across the estrous cycle are not established with any temporal precision. Using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, now considered the gold standard for steroid hormone analysis, we...
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) are central to the stress response. Chemogenetic activation of PVN CRH neurons decreases LH pulse frequency but the mechanism is unknown. In the present study, optogenetic stimulation of...
THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Knockout prolactin receptor gene (PRL-R) mice are animal models for prolactinomas and PRL acts via autocrine/paracrine inhibiting lactotroph proliferation. Recently, variants of the PRL-R were identified in prolactinoma patients and their frequency was higher compared to individuals from the genomic...
Hypothalamic obesity (HO) is defined as abnormal weight gain due to physical destruction of the hypothalamus. Suprasellar tumors, most commonly craniopharyngiomas, are a classic cause of HO. HO often goes unnoticed initially as patients, families, and medical teams are focused...
Pituitary apoplexy (PA) has been traditionally considered a neurosurgical emergency, yet retrospective single-institution studies suggest similar outcomes among patients managed medically.
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