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Graphical Abstract Graphical Abstract Cardiac magnetic resonance tissue parameters as predictors for CRT response in NICM. Among 101 patients who underwent CMR before CRT implantation, 71.3% were CRT responders, who had lower LGE burden, baseline T1, T2, and ECV values. In contrast, 28.7% were CRT non-responders, who had higher LGE burden, baseline T1, T2, and ECV values. Late gadolinium enhancement burden ≤ 20%, ECV ≤ 34%, and T2 ≤ 45 ms were independent predictors of good CRT response and were associated with favourable clinical outcomes. CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; ECV, extracellular volume; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; NICM, non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy.

Figure 2 Clinical outcomes according to ECV and LGE burden. ECV, extracellular volume; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement.

Figure 1 Receiver operating characteristic curves displaying CMR parameters as predictors of CRT response. AUC, area under the ROC curve; CI, confidence interval; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; ECV, extracellular volume; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; ROC, receiver operating characteristics.

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Figure 1 Flecainide, synthetized in 1972 as a result of studies on analogues of procainamide, is used for conversion of atrial fibrillation, with various routes of administration, including the classical intravenous and oral administrations, as well as the novel inhaled formulation. The standard doses, times to conversion to sinus rhythm, efficacy, and occurrence of adverse events are shown.

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Figure 2 ( A ) Definition of CA by the participants of the PULSE survey (multiple answers were acceptable). ( B ) Knowledge on secondary conditions caused by CAs by the participants of the PULSE survey (multiple answers were acceptable).

Figure 6 Major arteries located near the epicardial puncture site. Please note the vicinity of the left superior epigastric, left musculophrenic, and left internal thoracic (mammary) arteries to the puncture site. Image adapted with permission from the Image Courtesy of the UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Amara-Yad Project Collection.

Figure 8 ( A ) Inferior subxiphoid puncture in right anterior oblique projection. ( B ) Anterior subxiphoid puncture in left lateral projection. Blue arrows show the entrance of the needle into the epicardial space. The green arrow indicates CO 2 insufflation (upper arrow - B).

Figure 14 Clinical presentation, investigation, management, and prevention of pericarditis and pericarditis-related symptoms. 180 , 182 , 183 NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Figure 16 ( A ) Integration of coronary angiography in 3D mapping during the ablation procedure. The large white points delineate the course of the left phrenic nerve. ( B ) Three-dimensional epicardial surface mesh colour-coded for fat thickness. ( C ) Fusion between the electroanatomical mapping and epicardial three-dimensional surface reconstruction showing coronary arteries and colour-coded fat thickness, registered using the left main coronary artery (LM) landmark. The triangle demonstrates the predicted epicardial target site in the vicinity of the left anterior descending artery (LAD), covered by >4 mm of fat. Images B and C are adapted with permission from van Huls van Taxis et al . 145

Figure 17 Clinical presentation, investigation, management, and prevention of phrenic nerve damage. 168 , 198–202 BiPAP, bilevel positive airway pressure; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; PTA, percutaneous transcatheter angioplasty.

Figure 1 Number of participants from countries worldwide ( A ) and Europe ( B ).

Figure 4 Basics for ventricular arrhythmia-ECG morphological criteria in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Depolarization and ECG morphology in posterior and inferior monomorphic ventricular arrhythmias in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies with endocardial ( A ) and epicardial ( B ) exit sites. Adapted with permission from Vallès et al . 27

Figure 18 Phrenic nerve palsy after epicardial ablation for refractory ventricular tachycardia. ( A and B ) Anteroposterior and lateral chest X-rays before the procedure, showing the normal position of the left diaphragm dome. ( C and D ) Elevation of left hemidiaphragm, particularly in the posterior segment, after epicardial ablation. Note the relative elevation of the gastric bubble after the nerve palsy.

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