Sustainable dietetic models: strategies for communication and promotion

Abstract Global Burden of Disease identifies the makeup of diets as a significant risk factor for mortality and morbidity, with 11 million deaths and 255 million disability-adjusted life years attributable to dietary risk factors. 690 million people lack sufficient food and economic projections suggest that COVID-19 pandemic may add an additional 83 to 132 million people to the ranks of the undernourished, as the outbreak has exacerbated the global food flaws and insufficiencies, impacting the most vulnerable populations. Diets and related food systems also contribute to significant environmental degradation and climate change. Demand for animal-source foods is also increasing, particularly in emerging economies, which entails risks for the environment. 1.3 billion tons of food are wasted globally yearly, utilizing 38% of total energy consumption in the global food system. The real cost of acquiring enough nutrient-rich food to meet national dietary guidelines for a healthy diet exceeds available income for ∼38% of the world's population. A balanced diet that meets food-based dietary guidelines calls for even larger quantities of more costly food groups than would be needed just for nutrient adequacy, owing to their many functional attributes beyond just the essential nutrients that they contain. Faced with this scenario, there is urgent need for an appropriate strategy to increase people's awareness of the relationship between specific food choices and health and to facilitate the educational environment on this issue. Actual examples of current strategies for communication and promotion of healthy and sustainable diets will be discussed. With awareness and knowledge, clear and precise information, a supportive social environment, available and accessible healthy and sustainable food items, and the implementation of related policies, individuals have a great potential to achieve healthiness and environmental sustainability by choosing healthier and more sustainable foods.

Both chronic diseases and environmental change are growing global public health challenges even amidst the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. Every country is faced with these challenges, although small states and islands have an additional burden imposed on their sustainability, however this is rarely investigated. The intertwined relationship that exists between both epidemics is acknowledged, yet seldom explored or tackled together on a public health research level with bleak effect on policies outcome. People's lifestyles are a contributing factor to the progressive deterrent relationship between chronic diseases and environmental change. Indeed, many public health interventions promoting a healthier life will also produce the double benefit of tackling climate and the environment. For example, promoting more active transportation such as through the increase in bike lanes accessibility and incentives to promote active commuting will both reduce the dependency of carbon-based motor vehicle transportation, with a positive impact on the environment and climate, and on health. In fact, increase in physical activity is a well-known preventive and management action for most chronic diseases. Similarly, lower levels of pollution are also associated to decreases in many chronic diseases. Many other examples exist including the relationship between the food production, food security and carbon emissions. It is therefore imminent that urgent public health action is taken targeting the dominating urbanization and obesogenic environment that concomitantly have a role in the progressive development of chronic diseases and negative environmental impact. The aim of this workshop is to follow a multidisciplinary approach by bringing together different stakeholders to discuss the relationship between chronic diseases and the environment with a focus on small island states. While addressing the need to ensure that both public health and economic sustainability along with decelerating environmental change are on the imminent agenda. The workshop will be composed of four presenters discussing the various impacts on the environment from food production and security, sustainable dietetic models, the impact of city A sustainable food production is essential for human sustainability. According to available data, the world's diets and food habits must evolve and change intensely. Nowadays, more than 800 million people suffer from deficient food. On the other hand, more consumers have an unhealthy diet contributing to premature death, obesity, food related non-communicable diseases. Diets must provide an appropriate calorie intake, different of plant-based food, low amounts of animal-based food, unsaturated fats, vitamins and minerals (rather than saturated, refined grains, highly processed foods, and added sugars). It is needed adjustment to various agro-systems, cultural traditions, and individual dietary preferences. However, production must also be sustainably adjusted to meet the global population's growing food demands, as well as using the doughnut economy principle. A sustainable food production requires a One Health approach, and also evolving towards a decarbonized agricultural production by eliminating the use of fossil fuels and land use change losses of CO2 in agriculture. Policies to encourage people to choose healthy diets are needed. Those should include the improvement of the availability and accessibility to healthy food through improved logistics and storage, increased food security, policies that promote buying from sustainable sources, as well as reducing food waste. The mindset change regarding to the agro-system, food production and food usage in a healthy way at individual level, community level, national level and global level are essential for sustainable human population. Healthy eating should be the highest priority of food consumers, as well as its mindset shift from 'live to eat' to 'eat to live'. Consumers should feel safe and healthy, but also think about future generations, respecting agriculture and food production. Sustainable, equitable, healthier, and more inclusive food systems have the power to catalyze the achievement of all 17 SDGs by 2030.
Global Burden of Disease identifies the makeup of diets as a significant risk factor for mortality and morbidity, with 11 million deaths and 255 million disability-adjusted life years attributable to dietary risk factors. 690 million people lack sufficient food and economic projections suggest that COVID-19 pandemic may add an additional 83 to 132 million people to the ranks of the undernourished, as the outbreak has exacerbated the global food flaws and insufficiencies, impacting the most vulnerable populations. Diets and related food systems also contribute to significant environmental degradation and climate change. Demand for animal-source foods is also increasing, particularly in emerging economies, which entails risks for the environment. 1.3 billion tons of food are wasted globally yearly, utilizing 38% of total energy consumption in the global food system. The real cost of acquiring enough nutrient-rich food to meet national dietary guidelines for a healthy diet exceeds available income for 38% of the 15th European Public Health Conference 2022 world's population. A balanced diet that meets food-based dietary guidelines calls for even larger quantities of more costly food groups than would be needed just for nutrient adequacy, owing to their many functional attributes beyond just the essential nutrients that they contain. Faced with this scenario, there is urgent need for an appropriate strategy to increase people's awareness of the relationship between specific food choices and health and to facilitate the educational environment on this issue. Actual examples of current strategies for communication and promotion of healthy and sustainable diets will be discussed. With awareness and knowledge, clear and precise information, a supportive social environment, available and accessible healthy and sustainable food items, and the implementation of related policies, individuals have a great potential to achieve healthiness and environmental sustainability by choosing healthier and more sustainable foods.
Abstract citation ID: ckac129.221 Rethink cities to promote an active lifestyle and tackle climate change: best practices from the OECD

Background:
City design can have major health and environmental implications. The overall layout of cities influences air quality, as urban sprawl can encourage the use of motorised vehicles and decrease active travelling. Furthermore, lack of trees has a negative impact on particulate matter levels and contributes to the urban heat island effect. There is a growing interest for creating an urban environment conducive of healthier lifestyles.

Methods:
The analysis uses the five OECD criteria to assess best practices in public health -Effectiveness, Efficiency, Equity, Evidencebase, and Extent of coverage -to carry out a systematic assessment of selected candidate best practices to improve the public health potential of cities. The impact of scaling up these interventions within and across countries is evaluated by using the OECD SPHeP-NCD microsimulation model.

Results:
Interventions such as Superblocks in Barcelona, which reshapes the city layout to make them more people centric and less vehicles reliant, or Cycle Superhighways from Denmark, which develops cycling networks, have a the potential to avoid a significant number of chronic diseases by promoting an active lifestyle and decreasing transportrelated pollution. Such interventions can also decrease healthcare expenditure and, if well designed, health disparities. Discussion: While many urban design interventions are a good investment for countries and, in general, there is good support, a number of implementation hurdles exist. First, extent of coverage is still relatively limited across European countries. Second, changes take time to be implemented and some of the health impact materializes in the longer-term. Third, the implementation of such interventions is generally competence of other authorities, other than the health authorities. Building strong multistakeholder approaches and making a strong case for such investments can promote change. Climate change is arguably the greatest threat to population health worldwide. Urgent action is needed to mitigate and adapt to the impacts. National public health institutes (NPHIs) are key actors in preventing illness and improving the health and wellbeing of their populations. They therefore have a crucial role to play in addressing climate change and making it central to their agendas. They can contribute to a better understanding of how climate change affects health, translate this knowledge into policy advice, and identify health co-