Comparative Effectiveness in terms of Understanding of Nutri-Score and NutrInform in Spain

Abstract Background Interpretive Front-of-Pack Labels (FoPLs) are supported by WHO as a key policy tool to promote healthy diets. At present, various FoPLs formats co-exist in the European Union (EU). However, as part of the Farm to Fork strategy, the European Commission stated it would adopt a single mandatory FoPL in 2022. The aim of this study was to analyze Spanish consumers reactions to Nutri-Score and NutrInform, two FoPLs that are currently the subject of debate in EU, testing preference through subjective understanding and perception but also performance through objective understanding of the FoPLs. Methods The experimental study was conducted in 2021 on a representative sample of 1026 Spanish adults (50% women, mean age±SD = 46±14 years), through an online randomized questionnaire where participants were exposed to Nutri-Score or NutrInform. Performance of and preference for these two FoPLs were assessed in three food categories (Breakfast Products, Breakfast Cereals and Added Fats). Performance was tested using multivariate logistic regression while preference using principal component analysis and t-tests. Results In terms of objective understanding, Nutri-Score was significantly associated with an increase in consumers’ ability to identify healthier food products across all food categories compared to NutrInform (OR = 19.1 [14.2-25.7], p < 0.0001). On the preference dimension, Nutri-Score was perceived as significantly easier to use and was more liked than NutrInform (standardized PCA dimension resp. 0.32±1.58 vs. -0.29±1.66, p < 0.0001 and 0.080±1.18 vs. -0.072±1.17, p = 0.039) and participants found Nutri-Score more helpful to discriminate the nutritional quality of Breakfast Products and Breakfast Cereals (resp. 1.32±1.00 vs. 1.14±1.02, p < 0.01 and 1.33±1.00 vs. 1.00±1.03, p < 0.0001). Conclusions Results of this study provide new evidence to support Nutri-Score in comparison with the NutrInform battery, on both performance and preference aspects. Key messages • Nutri-Score better helps participants identify healthier food products than NutrInform. • European Commission should consider results of this study in its decision on a harmonized Front-of-Pack Label.


Introduction:
After the Berlin terrorist attack at Breitscheidplatz, the genderspecific evaluation of emergency responders (ER) revealed higher perceived levels of paranoid ideation among females.The occupation-specific evaluation revealed higher hostility among police officers and a lower quality of life among firefighters.The aim of this study was to examine the outcome of crisis intervention (CI) provided for ER deployed to this terrorist attack.

Methods:
In total, N = 55 ER were included (n = 37 with and n = 18 w/ o CI).Stress, quality of life, post-traumatic stress disorder, and current psychological stress were assessed 4 months after the attack.

Conclusions:
This study provides evidence for differences in the mental health burden for ER with and w/o CI, in general and for subgroups of gender and occupation.There is no conclusive explanation for why ER with CI score worse on certain measures.It is possible that CI had a harmful influence due to the reinforcement of negative emotions in some parts of measures like the Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD).While it is known that ERs are vulnerable to develop mental problems, and appropriate and timely help is recommended, it is important to critical evaluate the methods used and to take also into account the identified gender and occupational differences.Further research is needed to better understand the interaction of risk factors.

Background:
Interpretive Front-of-Pack Labels (FoPLs) are supported by WHO as a key policy tool to promote healthy diets.At present, various FoPLs formats co-exist in the European Union (EU).However, as part of the Farm to Fork strategy, the European Commission stated it would adopt a single mandatory FoPL in 2022.The aim of this study was to analyze Spanish consumers reactions to Nutri-Score and NutrInform, two FoPLs that are currently the subject of debate in EU, testing preference through subjective understanding and perception but also performance through objective understanding of the FoPLs.

Methods:
The experimental study was conducted in 2021 on a representative sample of 1026 Spanish adults (50% women, mean ageAESD = 46AE14 years), through an online randomized questionnaire where participants were exposed to Nutri-Score or NutrInform.Performance of and preference for these two FoPLs were assessed in three food categories (Breakfast Products, Breakfast Cereals and Added Fats).Performance was tested using multivariate logistic regression while preference using principal component analysis and t-tests.