Assessing the state of Web-based communication for public health: a systematic review

Abstract Background Communicating strategically is a key issue for health organisations and, over the past decade, healthcare communication via social media and websites has generated a great deal of studies. As for systematic reviews, there is, however, fragmentary evidence on this type of communication. The aim of this research was to summarise the evidence on Web institutional health communication for public health authorities to evaluate aim-specific key points based on existing studies. Methods Guided by the PRISMA statement, we conducted a comprehensive review across two electronic databases (PubMed and Web of Science) from 2011 until 7 October 2021, searching for studies investigating institutional health communication. Two independent researchers reviewed the articles for inclusion, and assessment of methodological quality was based on the Kmet appraisal checklist. Results 78 articles were selected. Most of the studies targeted health promotion/disease prevention (n = 35), followed by crisis communication (n = 24), general health (n = 13), and misinformation correction/health promotion (n = 6). Engagement and message framing were the most analysed aspects. Few studies focused on campaign effectiveness. Only 18 studies had an experimental design. Kmet evaluation was used to distinguish studies presenting a solid structure from lacking studies. In particular, considering the 0·75-point threshold, out of 74 studies, 28 were excluded (37·8% of the total). Studies above this threshold were used to identify a series of aim-specific and medium-specific suggestions, as communication strategies employed differ quite greatly. Conclusions Overall, findings suggest that no single strategy works best in the case of Web-based healthcare communication. The extreme variability of outcomes and the lack of a unitary measure for assessing the end-points of a specific campaign or study leads us to reconsider the tools we use to evaluate the efficacy of Web-based health communication. Key messages This systematic review provides an overview on Web-based health communication. Results suggest that no single strategy works best and the need to reassess its evaluation tools. Communicating strategically is key for health organisations. This systematic review analyses a corpus of texts, in an effort to summarise and analyse existing, albeit fragmentary, evidence.


Background:
Early detection of cognitive impairment can slow progression to dementia when using appropriate therapy.For early detection of dementia dual task combining cognitive tasks and walking might be suitable, since individuals with cognitive impairment have shown greater changes in gait specific parameters on dual task test (DT) compared to single task test (ST).This study investigates whether these changes correlate with poorer cognitive function in healthy older adults.

Background:
Communicating strategically is a key issue for health organisations and, over the past decade, healthcare communication via social media and websites has generated a great deal of studies.As for systematic reviews, there is, however, fragmentary evidence on this type of communication.The aim of this research was to summarise the evidence on Web institutional health communication for public health authorities to evaluate aim-specific key points based on existing studies.

Methods:
Guided by the PRISMA statement, we conducted a comprehensive review across two electronic databases (PubMed and Web of Science) from 2011 until 7 October 2021, searching for studies investigating institutional health communication.Two independent researchers reviewed the articles for inclusion, and assessment of methodological quality was based on the Kmet appraisal checklist.
Results: 78 articles were selected.Most of the studies targeted health promotion/disease prevention (n = 35), followed by crisis communication (n = 24), general health (n = 13), and misinformation correction/health promotion (n = 6).Engagement and message framing were the most analysed aspects.Few studies focused on campaign effectiveness.Only 18 studies had an experimental design.Kmet evaluation was used to distinguish studies presenting a solid structure from lacking studies.In particular, considering the 0Á75-point threshold, out of 74 studies, 28 were excluded (37Á8% of the total).Studies above this threshold were used to identify a series of aim-specific and medium-specific suggestions, as communication strategies employed differ quite greatly.

Conclusions:
Overall, findings suggest that no single strategy works best in the case of Web-based healthcare communication.The extreme variability of outcomes and the lack of a unitary measure for assessing the end-points of a specific campaign or study leads us to reconsider the tools we use to evaluate the efficacy of Web-based health communication.

Key messages:
This systematic review provides an overview on Web-based health communication.Results suggest that no single strategy works best and the need to reassess its evaluation tools.
Communicating strategically is key for health organisations.This systematic review analyses a corpus of texts, in an effort to summarise and analyse existing, albeit fragmentary, evidence.

Background:
The last three decades have seen the development of chemsex, the diversification of substances through New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), and new technologies allowing people to buy online and find peers to consume on applications while remaining in private spheres (Trend, Cadet-Taillou, 2020).The latter has made it more difficult to reach users, so as to document their uses and the population, and to design public health schemes aimed at users, except through targeting metapopulations known to consume more than the general population (Le ´obon et al., 2018;Talley et al., 2011).

Methods:
The PlaySafe association designed two dummy websites, one selling GBL, the other NPS.These websites use the same graphics and syntactic codes as the main websites of the field, except for: 1) a fake drug named ''love machine''; 2) an automatic redirection to a health promotion page instead of payment finalization.The information collected is: delivery region, birth year, gender, perceived usefulness of the health promotion messages, whether people would recommend to friends, the contents and quantities of the shopping cart, the time spent on each page, and data gathered via Google Analytics.

Results:
On both websites 21,459 order attempts have been placed.This pathfinder research project has allowed to reach 6,203 people on the GBL website in 30 months and 7,927 people in 12 months on the NPS website, with people spending on average 1 min 35 s on the first website's prevention page and 1 min 27 s on the second.Around 85% of people consider the content useful, among whom 75% would recommend the website to friends.This communication also aims to present the characteristics of the reached population.

Conclusions:
This innovative approach has allowed to precisely target a population escaping public health research and prevention schemes.It appears interesting to explore online prevention, especially since most of the respondents consider the experience helpful and recommendable.

Key messages:
NTIC can serve research and actions in public health in order to reach online drug buyers.
Monitoring the online drug market can be used to design actions by stakeholders.

Results:
In proportion to their population, the number of downloads varied significantly in each country (18 % in Spain, 67% in France, 75% in Ireland).Except for Spain, all countries integrated additional functions into the CTA to increase its uptake, such as access to the vaccination certificate.App stores ratings ranged from 3.0 (Spain) to 3.9 (France and Ireland).The proportion of tests added in the apps varied significantly (1% in Italy and Spain, 4% in Ireland, 10% in France and 17% in Germany).Concerns that lead to the non-use of CTAs were related to data protection, smartphone battery drainage and app bugs.

Conclusions:
CTAs as a way to identify contacts from a positive case had a low impact in the analyzed countries, with low population adherence being an important factor.Adding more features within the apps, minimizing bugs, and increasing public confidence in data privacy seem essential to increase uptake in the future.

Key messages:
Although conceptually attractive, CTAs have not proven to be effective in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
There is a need for research and evaluation of the use of CTA, including cost effectiveness metrics, to inform future implementation similar technologies.
15th European Public Health Conference 2022 citation ID: ckac130.057Disruptive e-prevention from 2019: dummy online drug selling sites to reach new consumers Michel Mau M Mau 1 , C Bouchet-Mayer 3,2 , S Bost 2 , M Shelly 4,2 , D Trauchessec 1 1 e-prevention, PlaySafe, Paris, France 2 Hospital ''Outside the Walls'', Aremedia, Paris, France 3 Sante ´sih, Research Center in Sociology, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France 4 Fernand Widal Hospital, Assistance Publique-Ho ˆpitaux de Paris, Paris, France Contact: michel@playsafe.fr completed the Cognitive Functions Dementia Test (CFD), with a lower CFD index indicating lower cognitive function.Participants performed ST (walking 20m) and DT (walking 20m & counting backwards), in which step frequency, stride length and gait speed were monitored by Pablo sensors.Cognitive cost (CC) was determined for each gait variable.CC represents a change score between SD & DT and quantifies cognitive demands, with higher CC indicating poorer cognitive function.Pearson correlations and stepwise linear regression adjusted for age and gender were applied to analyze the association between CFD Index (dependent variable) and CC gate variables (predictors) (a = 5%).