Sexual and Contraceptive Behaviour of Adolescents and Young Adults in Germany

Abstract Background For 40 years the Federal Centre for Health Education in Germany has been analysing the contraception behaviour of young people. The current Survey is the ninth iteration, carried out in 2019. This continuous monitoring generates insights on the sexual and reproductive health of young people in Germany. The survey provides an important basis for the development of sexuality education and family planning measures. Methods A total of N = 6032 adolescents and young adults participated in the survey. Date collection was conducted by computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI). The current sexual and contraceptive behaviour of adolescents and young adults will be summarized using descriptive results. In addition, the association between contraception non-use and sociodemographic factors, characteristics of sexuality education and situated factors of first sexual intercourse is analysed by multivariate logistic regressions. Results A key finding of this iteration is that with regards to the age of the first sexual intercourse, the proportion of adolescents younger than 17 years has been declining for several years. For contraception, adolescents most frequently used condoms, and use of the pill has decreased. 9% of the participants reported non-contraception use at first sexual intercourse. This is significantly associated (p < .01) with unexpected and only unilaterally desired sexual intercourse and the absence of sexuality education in School. In addition, the younger the adolescence were at first sexual intercourse the greater the risk for contraception non-use. Conclusions The data from the current iteration indicate safe and responsible contraceptive behaviour among young people in Germany. It is important to maintain the commitment in the field of sexual health promotion and expand prevention measures for young people. This is the only way to ensure the sexual and reproductive health also in the next generation. Key messages Data from Youth Sexuality Study indicate safe and responsible contraceptive behaviour among young people in Germany. Commitment in the field of sexual health promotion needs to be continued.


Background:
Alcohol use is recognized as an important risk factor for more than 200 different diseases and injuries. In the Diagnostic statistic  it is defined as 'impaired control over alcohol consumption with chronic, heavy and often escalating pattern of alcohol use despite significant detrimental consequences to their overall health, the lives of their family members and friends and society in general'. The aim of this study was to describe the disability adjusted life years (DALY) associated with the alcohol use disorder in the Balkan countries in the period between 1990 and 2019.

Methods:
The study included the data on age-standardized DALY rate per 100,000 for alcohol use disorder in the period between 1990 and 2019 for ten Balkan countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia) from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation. We acknowledge the support from the COST Action 18218 -European Burden of Disease Network.

Results:
The highest age-standardized DALY rate in 1990 was in Romania 484.03 per 100,000 (95% CI: 394.68-594.99), while the highest age-standardized DALY rate per 100,000 in 2019 was in Slovenia 427.75 (95% CI: 332.28-543.83). Along with Slovenia, only country that recorded the increase in the agestandardized DALY rates in the period between 1990 and 2019 was Albania, but the increase was only marginal (DALY per 100,000 increased from 174.24, 95% ). The lowest burden measured in age-standardized DALY rates per 100,000 in 1990 was in Albania, and in 2019 was in .

Conclusions:
In the majority of the Balkan countries the age-standardized DALY rates per 100,000 for alcohol use disorder decreased in the observed period. The increase is observed for Slovenia and Albania, with the more apparent increase in Slovenia.

Key messages:
The age-standardized DALY rates for alcohol use disorder decreased in the majority of Balkan countries between 1990 and 2019. The age-standardized DALY rate increased in Slovenia and Albania between 1990 and 2019.

9.S. Public health monitoring and reporting
Abstract iii389

Methods:
A total of N = 6032 adolescents and young adults participated in the survey. Date collection was conducted by computerassisted personal interviewing (CAPI). The current sexual and contraceptive behaviour of adolescents and young adults will be summarized using descriptive results. In addition, the association between contraception non-use and sociodemographic factors, characteristics of sexuality education and situated factors of first sexual intercourse is analysed by multivariate logistic regressions.

Results:
A key finding of this iteration is that with regards to the age of the first sexual intercourse, the proportion of adolescents younger than 17 years has been declining for several years. For contraception, adolescents most frequently used condoms, and use of the pill has decreased. 9% of the participants reported non-contraception use at first sexual intercourse. This is significantly associated (p < .01) with unexpected and only unilaterally desired sexual intercourse and the absence of sexuality education in School. In addition, the younger the adolescence were at first sexual intercourse the greater the risk for contraception non-use.

Conclusions:
The data from the current iteration indicate safe and responsible contraceptive behaviour among young people in Germany. It is important to maintain the commitment in the field of sexual health promotion and expand prevention measures for young people. This is the only way to ensure the sexual and reproductive health also in the next generation.

Background:
Adolescents playing sport are more likely to reach the recommended levels of physical activity. In 2001In , 2006In , 2011 and 2019, four successive French national plans were launched to ''develop physical and sports activity and limit sedentary living''. Monitoring sport participation rates (SPR) is one of the essential components to evaluate these plans. To date, information on temporal trends in SPR has mainly come from the national population. However, due to sample size, it was impossible to measure trends among adolescents on the territory level. Given the various economic and geographical disparities between territories, it is likely that territory specific trends exist. The main objective of this study was to measure temporal trends in adolescent SPR in the third biggest French department (South-East of France).

Methods:
Four retrospective studies were conducted in high-schools between March and April 2001, 2008, 2015and 2019. A quota sampling design was used to obtain geographically and socially representative samples. They were invited to report their sex, their socioeconomic status (SES) and their sport participation. A sports player was defined as an adolescent playing sport for at least one hour a week. SPR were calculated by sex and SES with 95% confidence interval (95% CI

Introduction:
Salmonella enterica (S.) is one of the most common agents of foodborne infections and a risk for children, elder people and immunocompromised patients. S. is the first cause of foodborne outbreaks in the EU, the majority being caused by S. Enteritidis. We report S. serovars prevalence and trends in clinical isolates in central Italy from 2015 to 2021. Methods: S. strains of patients from Lazio and Tuscany regions isolated by hospitals and private laboratories were sent to the Regional Reference Centre for Pathogenic Enterobacteria (CREP) at IZSLT (Rome) for serotyping. All metadata and a selection of isolates were shared with ISS according to the National Surveillance Enter-Net Italia program.

Results:
A total of 2395 strains were collected from 2015 to 2021, with a mean value of 342 strains per year. Notably, reported cases did not decrease during the pandemic in 2020. A total of 116 different serovars were identified. The most common ones were S. Typhimurium var. monophasic, which increased from 2015 to 2021, S. Enteritidis, which peaked in 2018 doubling its average, and S. Typhimurium with a reverse trend compared to the monophasic variant, followed by S. Infantis, S. Napoli and S. Derby. Afterwards, S. Brandenburg showed a constant increase (from 2 cases in 2015 to 18 cases in 2021). S. Strathcona showed a significant peak during 2019 with 23 cases, correlated to a European reported outbreak. The average age of patients was stable (mean 28.5, median 12.8), except for an increase in 2021 (mean 35.2, median 27).

Conclusions:
The results show a substantial agreement between data collected in central Italy and national trends. The occurrence of cases per year is stable. The serovars prevalence does not agree with the prevalence found in EU, in particular