Nutrition Literacy of Overweight/Obese and Non-Overweight/Obese Turkish Women and Affecting Factors

Abstract Background Nutrition literacy is having the skills and abilities required to prepare food, make healthy food preferences, and understand its effects on health, environment, and economy. Inadequate nutrition literacy can lead to an unhealthy diet, overweight, or obesity. Along with inadequate nutrition literacy, gender is also a risk factor for obesity. In this regard, it is seen that women’s level of nutrition literacy has an important role in gaining healthy eating habits and preventing chronic diseases related to nutrition such as obesity. This study aims to determine the level of nutrition literacy of adult Turkish women and the factors affecting. Methods In this comparative descriptive research, 239 women were selected into 2 groups by their BMI, from Public Education Centers in Istanbul, Turkey, by using simple random sampling method. Data were collected using Introductory Characteristics Form and Adult Nutrition Literacy Assessment Tool. For statistical analysis, Pearson Chi-Square, Mann Whitney U and logistic regression were used. Results In the study, adequate numerical literacy and food label reading rates in overweight/obese women were found lower (p = 0.000) than non-overweight/obese women. It was found that the number of main meals increases the nutrition literacy level of non-overweight/obese women 2.628 times (p = 0.012). In the overweight/obese group, it was found that number of children (p = 0.040), waist circumference (p = 0.048), snack amount (p = 0.022) and Youtube usage (p = 0.041) increase nutrition literacy levels. Conclusions The nutrition literacy of both groups was found to be high. However it is highly affected by YouTube usage which provides a new perspective in terms of public health practices and policies. It is recommended for public health professionals to: • use social media platforms and provide evidence-based information • monitor the height, weight and BMI of individuals in the risk group • organize interventions to strengthen nutritional literacy Key messages • Adequate numerical literacy and food label reading sub-dimension mean scores of overweight/obese women was lower than the non-overweight/obese women. • Spending time on Youtube increases the nutrition literacy levels in overweight/obese women by 91,116 times which points to the relationship between nutritional literacy and social media use.


Background:
It is well known that unemployment impairs health.However, less is known about health promotion among unemployed people and healthy coping strategies to deal with unemployment.

Methods:
A random-effect meta-analysis was applied to statistically integrate quantitative controlled intervention studies among unemployed people.

Results:
The meta-analysis included 34 eligible primary studies with 36 independent intervention samples.For mental health, the average meta-analytic effect sizes for the comparison of intervention group and comparison group was significant and of small size after the intervention d = 0.25; 95% CI [0.10, 0.39], and at follow-up, d = 0.13; 95% CI [0.04,0.22].For health behavior (measured as physical activity), the effects were also significant after the intervention, d = 0.30; 95% CI [0.12, 0.47] (no data available at follow-up).Effects on self-assessed physical health status were very small and not significant.However, when health improvement was the only goal of the respective intervention (in contrast to studies with multiple goals, e.g., health improvement plus re-employment), the effect on physical health was significant, too, d = 0.15; 95% CI [0.04, 0.25].Moderator tests showed that intervention effects on mental health were significantly stronger when cognitivebehavioral methods were used (p < .05),while the use other kinds of stress-management techniques (p < .05), of methods to increase social support (p < .05),or of relaxation techniques (p < .07)did not improve the effectiveness of the intervention.

Conclusions:
The present meta-analyses provided evidence that, on average, interventions aiming at improving unemployed people's health do indeed improve participants' health.

Key messages:
The present meta-analysis confirms that it is possible to promote unemployed people' health.The moderator effects for type of intervention that were found here might be helpful for health promotion.

Background:
The current WHO definition of health seems to no longer meet the changes in the current Dutch health system.An alternative approach which puts emphasis on health, not disease, is Positive Health (Huber et al, 2011).This focus shifts the emphasis on improving resilience and well-being rather than the perspective on what is lacking in health.In this study, the attitudes towards the concept of Positive Health of palliative care nurses are examined.

Methods:
A mixed-methods approach design was used for this study.This involved the collection of both quantitative and qualitative data.Among the nurses, 134 questionnaires were administered.SPSS was used to analyze these results.For this study, six interviews were conducted and analyzed through thematic coding.

Results:
The quantitative analysis shows that the respondents are look positively about the Positive health description.Nurses find it important that it emphasizes that someone is more than his illness.In addition, the emphasis is on personal control.However, the question is also raised whether every patient can handle this.Nurses find the most important dimension 'quality of life'.This is followed by the dimension 'mental well-being' and 'spiritual existential'.The dimension 'daily functioning' is found to be the least important.The qualitative analysis also shows that the concept of Positive Health is viewed positively.The concept is considered positive, because it covers several areas of health.However, it was also indicated that the concept is still too broad.However, all respondents found that the concept can be applied in practice.

Conclusions:
This study shows that palliative care nurses have a positive attitude towards Positive Health.Nurses consider the all the dimensions important and also embed the aspects of it in their daily practice.However, the implementation of new concept should be explored.

Key messages:
Palliative care nurses have a positive attitude towards Positive Health.
The nutrition literacy of both groups was found to be high.However it is highly affected by YouTube usage which provides a new perspective in terms of public health practices and policies.It is recommended for public health professionals to: use social media platforms and provide evidence-based information monitor the height, weight and BMI of individuals in the risk group organize interventions to strengthen nutritional literacy 2Public Health Nursing, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey Contact: e.h.kozan@gmail.comBackground:Nutritionliteracy is having the skills and abilities required to prepare food, make healthy food preferences, and understand its effects on health, environment, and economy.Inadequate nutrition literacy can lead to an unhealthy diet, overweight, or obesity.Along with inadequate nutrition literacy, gender is also a risk factor for obesity.In this regard, it is seen that women's level of nutrition literacy has an important role in gaining healthy eating habits and preventing chronic diseases related to Results: In 2020, 3483 (72.5% of women, mean age 20.9 (SD = 2.46)) and in2021, 3504 (74.4of women, mean age 20.73 (SD = 2.32)) university students were included.After logistic regression, in 2020 compared to the pre-COVID19 period, the regular vigorous physical activity didn't change significantly while there appears to be a study period effect with a decrease of the regular binge drinking (AOR = 0.24 IC95% [0.20,0.29]).In 2021 compared to the pre-COVID19 period, the regular