The effect of alcohol marketing on people with, or at risk of, an alcohol problem: A rapid review

Abstract Background Little is known about the impact of alcohol marketing on people with, or at risk of, an alcohol problem. A rapid review of primary studies was conducted with the aim of exploring the effect of alcohol marketing in this population. Methods People with, or at risk of an alcohol problem were defined as people with an alcohol use disorder, in recovery from an alcohol use disorder, and hazardous and harmful drinkers. Searches for relevant literature were conducted through Medline, EMBASE and PsychINFO; reference list scanning and citation tracking of included studies; and grey literature searching of relevant websites. A narrative synthesis of included studies was undertaken. Results The review included 11 studies, which focused on participants recovering from an alcohol use disorder (AUD, 6 studies) and those with hazardous or harmful consumption levels of alcohol (5 studies). 7 studies were quantitative and 4 were qualitative. The effect of alcohol advertising on alcohol use was only assessed in one small experimental study of young adult heavy drinkers, which found no apparent effect. Studies looking at other outcomes suggested that a significant proportion of people with or at risk of alcohol problems notice alcohol advertisements and can find them appealing, and that advertisements may have an effect on positive alcohol-related emotions and cognitions. Among people in recovery from an alcohol use disorder, findings suggested that there could be an effect on craving, and that alcohol marketing may be perceived to trigger a desire to drink. Conclusions Several studies report effects of alcohol marketing which may translate into effects on consumption. There is also evidence that alcohol marketing is perceived to act as a trigger by people in recovery from alcohol problems. Further longitudinal and experimental research is needed to determine whether alcohol marketing has a causal effect on alcohol use in this population. Key messages • The findings of the studies included in the review suggest that an effect of alcohol marketing in people with, or at risk of, an alcohol problem is likely. • The impact of alcohol marketing on people with or at risk of an alcohol problem should be a concern for marketing regulators and a focus for future research.

Issue/problem: Infodemics happen when an excess of information makes it difficult for people to discern what they see and hear to make good health decisions.Several challenges limit the usefulness of applying infodemiology research to the practice of managing infodemics including inconsistency in how information exposure is measured and a lack of focus on assessing associations with health behaviors.Description of the problem: In 2021, WHO partnered with the University of Sydney to develop a study toolkit.We sought to create novel tools for measuring information exposure that can be easily deployed, linked to surveys measuring health behaviors, and implements a standardized study protocol so that data can be directly synthesized into a global analysis of information risk factors associated with health behaviors.

Results:
A web-based study platform was developed, comprising tools for capturing information exposures within studies that link to health behavior surveys.The first tool is a smartphone application that asks users to actively record relevant information they see or hear in diary.The second application is a web browser plugin that passively tracks webpages with relevant keywords.Because localized studies follow a standardized protocol and de-identified participant data are recorded in a common format, local study investigators can opt-in to contributing study data to support global surveillance efforts.

Background:
Little is known about the impact of alcohol marketing on people with, or at risk of, an alcohol problem.A rapid review of primary studies was conducted with the aim of exploring the effect of alcohol marketing in this population.Methods: People with, or at risk of an alcohol problem were defined as people with an alcohol use disorder, in recovery from an alcohol use disorder, and hazardous and harmful drinkers.Searches for relevant literature were conducted through Medline, EMBASE and PsychINFO; reference list scanning and citation tracking of included studies; and grey literature searching of relevant websites.A narrative synthesis of included studies was undertaken.

Results:
The review included 11 studies, which focused on participants recovering from an alcohol use disorder (AUD, 6 studies) and those with hazardous or harmful consumption levels of alcohol (5 studies).7 studies were quantitative and 4 were qualitative.The effect of alcohol advertising on alcohol use was only assessed in one small experimental study of young adult heavy 15th European Public Health Conference 2022 drinkers, which found no apparent effect.Studies looking at other outcomes suggested that a significant proportion of people with or at risk of alcohol problems notice alcohol advertisements and can find them appealing, and that advertisements may have an effect on positive alcohol-related emotions and cognitions.Among people in recovery from an alcohol use disorder, findings suggested that there could be an effect on craving, and that alcohol marketing may be perceived to trigger a desire to drink.

Conclusions:
Several studies report effects of alcohol marketing which may translate into effects on consumption.There is also evidence that alcohol marketing is perceived to act as a trigger by people in recovery from alcohol problems.Further longitudinal and experimental research is needed to determine whether alcohol marketing has a causal effect on alcohol use in this population.
There are known risk factors that are associated with the onset and exacerbation of musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions and pain.Physiotherapists are uniquely placed to deliver brief interventions with their patients.Healthy Conversation Skills is the main training component of the Wessex approach to Making Every Contact Count.Despite its potential for promoting MSK health and wellbeing, there is no evidence to support its acceptability within MSK services.This is the first known study to explore the use and perceptions of the Wessex model of MECC HCS within MSK services.A mixed method design was used.Phase one employed an online questionnaire, open to all professionals trained in MECC HCS, consisting of items relating to implementation outcomes.Barriers and facilitators to delivery were explored and mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework.Phase two invited physiotherapists for a follow-up interview and qualitatively explored their acceptability of delivering MECC HCS to patients with MSK conditions.MECC HCS was found to be highly acceptable, appropriate, and feasible.Physiotherapists reported using their skills at least daily but missed opportunities for delivering MECC HCS were evident.Barriers mapped mostly to 'Environmental Context and Resources' on the Theoretical Domains Framework.Qualitative themes developed during phase two were: 'Recognising the patient as the expert supports change', 'MECC HCS improves physiotherapy practice', 'MECC HCS shared problem solving reduces workload', 'time as a perceived barrier to MECC HCS' and 'system-level support needed to sustain MECC HCS'.MECC HCS is a promising brief intervention for supporting people with MSK conditions.Further rollout of this intervention may be beneficial for meeting the goals of the NHS and Public Health England in prevention of MSK conditions and promotion of MSK health.Barriers associated with sustainability must, however, be addressed.

Key messages:
Making Every Contact Count Healthy Conversation Skills is considered a highly acceptable brief intervention for supporting behaviour change in people with musculoskeletal conditions.
Organisational, system-level barriers to implementation must be addressed in order to increase sustainability and enhance future roll out of the brief intervention.
Abstract citation ID: ckac131.329Parents' evaluations on the service delivery and communicatıon skills of the pediatric dentists Aim: In the study,it was aimed that parents who need oral health services for their children for any reason should evaluate pediatric dentists in terms of service provision and communication skills.

Methods:
The study was conducted with 123 parents who applied to a private oral health clinic in Ankara between 20/06/2021-20/07/ 2021.For parents,10 descriptive and 20 face-to-face questionnaires questioning service delivery and communication skills on a 5-point Likert scale were applied.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 40.9AE5.9years.Only 34.1%(n = 42) of the parents who needed oral health services for their children directly applied to the pediatric dentist,while the others 65.9%(n = 81) applied to dentists who were not pediatric dentistry specialists.The mean score of evaluation of parents' pediatric dentists in terms of service delivery and communication skills is 4.16AE0.44.When pediatric dentists were evaluated in terms of service delivery and communication skills.74.8%(n = 92) made the explanations in a way that they could easily understand,67.8%(n= 82) did not speak fast enough to prevent them from understanding the words,66.9%(n= 79) stated that they created an environment that respects privacy and 72.6%(n = 85) stated that they allocated enough time as ''always''.

Conclusions:
As a result, it has been determined that the frequency of parents applying to physicians who are not pediatric dentists for their children's oral health problems is high.However,the parents who applied to the pediatric dentist found the pediatric dentist to be more competent in terms of service delivery and communication skills.It is necessary to increase the awareness of the parents about the pediatric dentistry expertise.