Abstract

Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PBH) was recently shown to be produced in genetically engineered plants which expressed the genes from Alcaligenes eutrophus responsible for the formation of PHB from acetoacetyl-CoA. The transgenic plants accumulated PHB as granules which were similar in size and appearance to the bacterial PHB granules. These observations suggest that large scale production of PHB and other polyhydroxyalkanoates in genetically altered crop plants may be feasible.

References

[1]
Anderson
A.J.
Dawes
E.A.
(
1990
)
Occurrence, metabolism, metabolic role, and industrial uses of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates
Microbiol. Rev.
 ,
54
,
450
472
.
[2]
Byrom
D.
(
1987
)
Polymer synthesis by microorganisms: technology and economics
Trends Biotechnol.
 ,
5
,
246
250
.
[3]
Martin
J.H.
Leonard
W.H.
Stamp
D.L.
(
1976
)
Potatoes
, In
Principles of Field Crop Production
  pp
898
932
Macmillan
,
New York
Chapter 36.
[4]
Hiatt
A.
Cafferkey
R.
Bowdish
K.
(
1989
)
Production of antibodies in transgenic plants
Nature
 ,
342
,
76
78
.
[5]
De Zoeten
G.A.
Penswick
J.R.
Horisberger
M.A.
Ahl
P.
Schultze
M.
Hohn
T.
(
1989
)
The expression, localization, and effect of a human interferon in plants
Virology
 ,
172
,
213
222
.
[6]
Moffat
A.S.
(
1992
)
High-tech plants promise a bumper crop of new products
Science
 ,
256
,
770
771
.
[7]
Poirier
Y.
Dennis
E.
Klomparens
K.
Somerville
C.
(
1992
)
Polyhydroxybutyrate, a biodegradable thermoplastic, produced in transgenic plants
Science
 ,
256
,
520
523
.
[8]
Steinbüchel
A.
Schlegel
H.G.
(
1991
)
Physiology and molecular genetics of poly(β-hydroxyalkanoic acid) synthesis in Alcaligenes eutrophus
Mol. Microbiol.
 ,
5
,
535
542
.
[9]
Benfey
P.N.
Chua
N.-H.
(
1990
)
The cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter: combinatorial regulation of transcription in plants
Science
 ,
250
,
959
966
.
[10]
Janes
B.
Hollar
J.
Dennis
D.
(
1990
)
Molecular characterization of the poly-β-hydroxybutyrate biosynthesis pathway of Alcaligenes eutrophus H16
In
Novel Biodegradable Microbial Polymers
 
Dawes
E.A.
, Ed) pp
175
190
Kluwer
,
Dordrecht
.
[11]
Peoples
O.P.
Sinskey
A.J.
(
1989
)
Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate biosynthesis in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16: characterization of the gene encoding β-ketothiolase and acetoacetyl-CoA reductase
J. Biol. Chem.
 ,
264
,
15293
15297
.
[12]
Leutwiler
L.S.
Hough-Evans
B.R.
Meyerowitz
E.M.
(
1984
)
The DNA of Arabidopis thaliana
Mol. Gen. Genet.
 ,
194
,
15
23
.
[13]
Campbell
W.H.
Gowri
G.
(
1990
)
Codon usage in higher plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria
Plant Physiol.
 ,
92
,
1
11
.
[14]
Peoples
O.P.
Sinskey
A.J.
(
1989
)
Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesis in Alcaligenes eutrophus: identification and characterization of the PHB polymerase gene (phbC)
J. Biol. Chem.
 ,
264
,
15298
15303
.
[15]
Tepfer
M.
Taylor
E.P.
(
1981
)
The permeability of plant cell walls as measured by gel filtration chromatography
Science
 ,
213
,
761
763
.
[16]
Baron-Epel
O.
Gharyal
P.K.
Schindler
M.
(
1988
)
Pectins as mediators of wall porosity in soybean cells
Planta
 ,
175
,
389
395
.
[17]
Lundgren
D.G.
Pfister
R.M.
Merrick
J.M.
(
1964
)
Structure of poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid granules
J. Gen. Microbiol.
 ,
34
,
441
446
.
[18]
Boatman
E.S.
(
1964
)
Observation on the fine structure of spheroplasts of Rhodospirillum rubrum
J. Cell Biol.
 ,
20
,
297
311
.
[19]
Roughan
P.G.
Slack
C.R.
(
1982
)
Cellular organization of glycerolipid metabolism
Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol.
 ,
33
,
97
132
.
[20]
Scott
C.C.L.
Finnerty
W.R.
(
1976
)
Characterization of intracytoplasmic hydrocarbon inclusions from the hydrocarbon-oxidizing Acinetobacter species H01-N
J. Bacteriol.
 ,
127
,
481
489
.
[21]
Ostle
A.G.
Holt
J.G.
(
1982
)
Nile Blue A as a fluorescent stain for poly-β-hydroxybutyrate
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
 ,
44
,
238
241
.
[22]
Alberts
B.
Bray
D.
Lewis
J.
Raff
M.
Roberts
K.
Watson
J.D.
(
1983
)
The cell nucleus
Molecular Biology of the Cell
 ,
432
434
Chapter 8.
[23]
Müller-Röber
B.
Sonnewald
U.
Willmitzer
L.
(
1992
)
Inhibition of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in transgenic potatoes leads to sugar-storing tubers and influences tuber formation and expression of tuber storage protein genes
EMBO J.
 ,
11
,
1229
1238
.
[24]
Hershey
H.P.
Stoner
T.D.
(
1991
)
Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones for RNA species induced by substituted benzenesulfonamides in corn
Plant Mol. Biol.
 ,
17
,
679
690
.
[25]
Huisman
G.W.
de Leeuw
O.
Eggink
G.
Witholt
B.
(
1989
)
Synthesis of poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates is a common feature of fluorescent pseudomonads
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
 ,
55
,
1949
1954
.
[26]
Doi
Y.
(
1990
)
Microbial Polyesters
 
VCH
,
New York
.
[27]
Goodwin
T.W.
Mercer
E.I.
(
1983
)
Respiration
, In
Introduction to Plant Biochemistry
  pp
162
226
Pergamon
,
Oxford
Chapter 6.
[28]
Haywood
G.W.
Anderson
A.J.
Williams
D.R.
Dawes
E.A.
Ewing
D.F.
(
1991
)
Accumulation of a poly(hydroxyalkanoate) copolymer containing primarily 3-hydroxyvalerate from simple carbohydrate substrate by Rhodococcus sp. NCIMB 40126
Int. J. Biol. Macromol.
 ,
13
,
83
88
.
[29]
Huijbert
G.N.M.
Eggink
G.
de Waard
P.
Huisman
G.W.
Witholt
B.
(
1992
)
Pseudomonas putida KT2442 cultivated on glucose accumulates poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) consisting of saturated and unsaturated monomers
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
 ,
58
,
536
543
.
[30]
Williams
D.H.
Stone
M.J.
Hauck
P.R.
Rahman
S.K.
(
1989
)
Why are secondary metabolites (natural products) biosynthesized?
J. Nat. Prod.
 ,
52
,
1189
1208
.