
Contents
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Chinese Chronologies of Indian Sainthood Chinese Chronologies of Indian Sainthood
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The Indian Patriarchs’ Early Repertoire The Indian Patriarchs’ Early Repertoire
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Debate and Conversion Debate and Conversion
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The Power of Commentary The Power of Commentary
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The Practice of Dhyāna The Practice of Dhyāna
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Men of the Cliffs, Caves, and Dragon Palaces Men of the Cliffs, Caves, and Dragon Palaces
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Conclusion: Early Chinese Portraits of Indian Buddhism Conclusion: Early Chinese Portraits of Indian Buddhism
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1 Buddhist Sainthood in Dharmic History
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Published:February 2015
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Abstract
Chapter 1 examines the writings of Kumārajīva’s Chinese associates, which include both the oldest extant images of Aśvaghoṣa, Nāgārjuna, and Āryadeva and the earliest accounts in China of what happened to Buddhism in India after the death of the Buddha. Kumārajīva’s associates advanced Aśvaghoṣa, Nāgārjuna, and Āryadeva alone as models of Buddhist revivalism in post-parinirvāṇa India, when the Dharma was reportedly on the verge of collapse. Here the Indian patriarchs were shown to have single-handedly resurrected the Buddha’s teachings through specific repertoires of religious practice that closely accorded with the favored occupations of spiritually-inclined Chinese literati gentlemen, with whom Buddhist scholar-monks competed for patronage and prestige. By promoting their great Indian forebears as having saved the world through traditional Chinese values, Kumārajīva’s associates demonstrated that these values were fundamentally Indian and Buddhist and were thus the province of Chinese scholar-monks alone.
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