Linkage of Polymorphic Congenital Cataract to the γ-Crystallin Gene Locus on Human Chromosome 2q33–35

Abstract

Cataract is one of the major causes of blindness in humans. We describe here an autosomal dominant polymorphic congenital cataract (PCC) which is characterised by wide variations in phenotype of non-nuclear lens opacities, even among affected members of the same family. PCC families included a large, unique pedigree (254 members, 103 affected individuals), and genetic linkage was conducted using a variety of polymorphic markers. Evidence for linkage was found for chromosome 2q33–35 with PCC mapping near D2S72 and TNP1. A tri-nucleotide microsatellite marker for γ-crystallin B gene ( CRYG1 ) was found to co-segregate with PCC and yielded a maximum lod score of 10.62 at (θ = 0). A multipoint analysis demonstrated that the most probable location of the PCC gene was within an 8 cM genetic interval containing the γ-crystallin gene cluster. These data provide strong evidence of the existence of an autosomal dominant mutation for PCC in or near the γ-crystallin gene cluster. This defect is characterised by complete pene-trance but variable expression of the cataract pheno-type. Our study also suggests that non-nuclear human cataracts might be caused by some abnormality in γ-crystallin genes.