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Part front matter for Part II Taking Stock of a Migrant Population: Who Is a Hong Konger?
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Published:February 2009
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As described by the first few chapters, Hong Kong has been a city of immigrants and emigrants. With institutional and cultural improvisations facilitated by systems of law regarding custom and rights, the city has, over the century, absorbed different kinds of migrants and sojourners. The mobile populations have been driven by diverse individual and family strategies. The postwar years saw continuing ebbs and flows of people across Hong Kong’s borders. Economists Richard Y. C. Wong and Ka-fu Wong use census and other quantitative data to highlight the dramatic changes in the demographic landscape due to the massive population flows from China and discuss the implications for the territory’s labor market and subsequent economic development.
The influx of population between 1945 and 1950 produced a large labor force and diverse talent pool. Hong Kong’s population increased from 600,000 to 2.1 million. This increase resulted in the rapid growth of a youthful work force in the 1960s. Hong Kong has improved its working population mainly by investment in a variety of educational and vocational training. Management expertise was supported through professional accreditation in key areas such as accounting and law. However, the low fertility by this young work force and restricted immigration has led to an acute labor shortage by the 1980s. This provided additional impetus for Hong Kong industries to relocate across the border when the mainland opened up.
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