Discrete Affective States, Cortisol, and Self-Rated Health in Old Age

Abstract Old age is a developmental phase in which physical vulnerability increases and discrete affective states are uniquely important. The current project combines data from four studies (total N = 476 participants) to investigate within-person fluctuations in salivary cortisol (a marker of physiological arousal), seven discrete affective states, and the moderating role of self-rated health. Each participant provided affect reports and collected salivary cortisol 5-7 times a day for a 7-day period, and rated their health status. Multi-level models showed that cortisol levels were decreased in moments when participants felt happier, more relaxed, and more interested than usual and increased in moments when participants felt angrier, more nervous, more overwhelmed, and sadder than usual. Associations of happy, nervous, overwhelmed, and sad with cortisol were more pronounced in participants of better as compared to those of worse self-rated health. Findings suggest that higher HPA reactivity may indicate preserved health in older adults.


FROM DAY TO DAY TO YEAR TO YEAR: DEVELOPMENTAL ANTECEDENTS AND OUTCOMES OF CHANGES IN EMOTION Chair: Jeremy Hamm Co-Chair: Meaghan Barlow
Research shows that emotions play an important role in successful aging.However, less is known about how day-to-day fluctuations and multi-year changes in positive and negative emotions are implicated in adaptive development.Thus, the present studies address the developmental antecedents and outcomes of micro-and macro-longitudinal changes in different positive and negative emotions.Blöchl, Oertzen, and Kunzmann use 12-year data from the Health and Retirement Study to examine whether socioeconomic resources influence trajectories of positive emotion and physical functioning and their interrelations.Hamm, Wrosch, Barlow, and Kunzmann investigate psychosocial and healthrelated resources that predict two-year stability and change in adaptive and maladaptive daily patterns of calmness, excitement, sadness, and anger.Pauly et al. examine the extent to which health status moderates the association between daily fluctuations in seven affective states and corresponding changes in stress-related cortisol secretion.Turner, Mogle, Hill, Bhargava, and Rabin study how positive and negative emotions experienced in response to daily challenges (memory lapses) mediate the association between age-related challenges and life satisfaction in a coordinated analysis of two datasets.Finally, Barlow addresses the extent to which variations in daily experiences of positive and negative emotions exhibit age-differential associations with daily satisfaction with life (i.e., emotion globalizing).This symposium thus integrates new research on emotional aging and contributes to a deeper understanding of how adaptive development shapes and is shaped by day-to-day fluctuations and long-term changes in different emotions.

ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN POSITIVE AFFECT AND PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING: THE ROLE OF EDUCATION
Maria Blöchl, 1 Timo von Oertzen, 2 and Ute Kunzmann, 3 1.Leipzig University, Leipzig University, Sachsen, Germany, 2. Universität der Bundeswehr,Neubiberg,Bayern,Germany,3. Leipzig University,Leipzig,Sachsen,Germany Increasing research points to the relevance of educational attainment for positive emotional experiences and physical functioning across adulthood.However, little is known about how age-related developments in positive affect and physical functioning differ by educational attainment.This study used longitudinal data of 10,893 individuals (60-80 years) from the Health and Retirement Study to examine whether educational attainment moderates trajectories of positive affect and physical functioning and their interrelations over 12 years.Initial results from multiple-group bivariate growth models revealed that individuals with less formal education have lower positive affect and poorer physical functioning at baseline.There was, however, no evidence that longitudinal changes in positive affect, longitudinal changes in physical health, and coupled changes between both variables varied with educational attainment.These initial findings suggest that lower educational attainment is primarily related to lower levels of positive affect and physical functioning, but not to greater age-related declines or their interrelations.Although discrete emotions can change in salience across adulthood, little is known about developmental shifts in the co-occurrence of multiple discrete emotions.The present study (n=389, Mage=73) adopted a person-centered approach to identify stability and change in commonly-occurring profiles of calmness, excitement, sadness, and anger.Daily emotions were assessed over 1-week periods at baseline and two years later.Latent class analyses yielded consistent 3-profile solutions at both waves: a positive emotion (high calmnessmoderate excitement-low sadness and anger), a mixed emotion (moderate/high calmness-moderate excitement, sadness, and anger), and an apathetic emotion profile (low calmness, excitement, sadness, and anger).Latent transition analyses revealed both stability (82% remained in the same profile) and change (18% changed profiles) in profile membership.Higher baseline optimism and fewer chronic conditions were associated with adaptive changes in profile membership.Findings point to the importance of considering the co-occurrence of distinct emotions in studying emotional aging.

r a 7-day period, and rated their health status.Multilevel models showed that cortisol levels were decreased in moments when participants
elt happier, more relaxed, and more interested than usual and increased in moments when participants felt angrier, more nervous, more overwhelmed, and sadder than usual.Associations of happy, nervous, overwhelmed, and sad with cortisol were more pronounced in participants of better as compared to those of worse selfrated health.Findings suggest that higher HPA reactivity may indicate preserved health in older adults.POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE AFFECT MEDIATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEMORY LAPSES AND LIFE SATISFACTIONJennifer Turner, 1 Jacqueline Mogle, 2 Nikki Hill, 2 Sakshi Bharhava, 3  Aging is associated with declines and challenges, yet better subjective well-being.Life satisfaction is one aspect of well-being that may be sensitive to daily challenges.Daily memory lapses (e.g., forgetting words or meetings) are common and relevant for many adults.How individuals emotionally respond to challenges like memory lapses is a factor that could determine whether these experiences affect well-being.In a coordinated analysis of two datasets (N=561; ages 25-93 years) using multilevel modeling, we examined whether affective changes related to memory lapses mediated the relationship between memory lapses and life satisfaction.Results were similar across datasets: memory lapses were associated with reduced positive affect and increased negative affect.These associated affective changes also mediated the relationship between lapses and life satisfaction.We discuss the potential implications of our findings for linking proximal events and distal outcomes, and potentially intervening and identifying common challenges to mitigate broad reductions in well-being.AGE DIFFERENCES IN EMOTION GLOBALIZING ACROSS THE ADULT LI

SPAN Meaghan Barlow, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, Berkeley, California, Uni
ed StatesEmotion globalizing, the extent to which current emotions impact satisfaction with life, is associated with poorer psychological well-being.Given extant aging theories and research highlighting age-related changes in emotional experiences and emotion regulation, the present study examined age differences in positive and negative emotion globalizing across the adult lifespan.Participants (N = 145 females; aged 23-79) completed assessments of positive emotion(i.e., amused, energetic, calm, happy, interested, excited, and content), negative emotion (i.e., anxious, lonely, sad, annoyed, angry, and distressed), and life satisfaction for 16 days.Multilevel model analyses revealed age differences in negative, but not positive, emotion globalizing.More specifically, older individuals reported lower levels of negative emotion globalizing, as compared to younger individuals.These findings highlight the need to explore downstream consequences of emotion globalizing across the lifespan, as this could unveil novel pathways towards successful aging.Session 4565 (Paper) Health and Social ServicesA NURSE-LED CONCEPTUAL MODEL TO INFORM PATIENT-CENTERED TYPE 2 DIABETES MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC CLINICAL SETTINGSStella Bosun-Arije, 1 and Candidus Nwakasi, 2 1. Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester Metropolitan University, England, United Kingdom, 2. Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island, United States Globally, there is an increased need to provide patientcentered care for people diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).In Nigeria, a poorly financed health system worsens the difficulties associated with managing T2DM in clinical settings, resulting in a detrimental effect on patientcentered care.We aimed to develop a conceptual model to promote patient-centered T2DM care in clinical settings.We explored nurses' contextual perceptions of clinical practices and operations that are relevant to T2DM management across public hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria.Identifying a nurseled intervention is critical to care optimization for people diagnosed with T2DM.Using a qualitative research, we used semi-structured questions and the Constant Comparison Method to interview 17 practice (registered) nurses with over 1-year experience working in public hospitals across Lagos, Nigeria.The Framework Method was used for data analysis.The nurses provided insight into four areas of patient-centered T2DM management in clinical settings.They are: empowering collaboration, empowering flexibility, empowering approach, and empowering practice.The nurses discussed an empowering pathway through which health settings could provide patient-centered care to individuals diagnosed with T2DM.The pathway includes the integration of macro, meso, and micro levels for patient management.Their views informed the development of a conceptual model for


