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Special Collection: Food Chemical Contaminants

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The Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL publishes a wide array of papers under the category of Food Chemical Contaminants, which contribute to the overarching goal of ensuring food safety and protecting public health. This section offers insight into the latest methods and technologies in analytical chemistry, with a particular focus on food safety and quality control.

 These papers primarily address the detection, quantification, and mitigation of harmful chemicals in food products. The research encompasses:

  • Development and validation of methods to detect contaminants such as pesticides, heavy metals, mycotoxins, and other harmful substances in food matrices.

  • Accurate measurement of contaminant levels in food products using advanced analytical techniques like LC-MS/MS, GC-MS, and ICP-MS.

  • Exploration of methods to remove or reduce contaminants, ensuring that food products meet safety standards.

  • Evaluation of the potential health risks associated with exposure to various chemical contaminants in food.

  • Compliance with national and international safety standards and regulations.

  • Innovation in analytical methods for more sensitive, accurate, and efficient detection of contaminants.

This comprehensive approach ensures the integrity of the food supply chain and the safety of consumers.

Interested in submitting your research with Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL?

Explore some of our currently published articles below.

Biohybrid Adsorbent for the Preconcentration of Lead and Its Determination in Fruit Juices by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Pamela Y Quintas and others
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Volume 106, Issue 6, November-December 2023, Pages 1542–1549, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsad073
Background Fruit juices are one of the most non-alcoholic beverages consumed in the world. Essential elements and other nutrients present in fruit juices play an important role in human well-being. However, fruit juices may also contain potentially toxic elements at trace levels, causing health ...
Multi-Allergen Quantification in Food Using Concatemer-Based Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry: An Interlaboratory Study
Maxime Gavage and others
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Volume 106, Issue 4, July-August 2023, Pages 886–898, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsad041
Background Food allergen analysis is essential for the development of a risk-based approach for allergen management and labeling. MS has become a method of choice for allergen analysis, even if quantification remains challenging. Moreover, harmonization is still lacking between laboratories, while ...
A DNA Metabarcoding Workflow to Identify Species in Spices and Herbs
Geoffrey Cottenet and others
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Volume 106, Issue 1, January-February 2023, Pages 65–72, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsac099
Background Spices and herbs are food categories regularly cited as highly susceptible to be adulterated. To detect potential adulteration with undeclared species, DNA-based methods are considered the most suitable tools. Objective In this study, the performance of the ready-to-use Thermo ...
Validation of a Method for Surveillance of Nanoparticles in Mussels Using Single-Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry
Are Bruvold and others
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Volume 107, Issue 4, July-August 2024, Pages 608–616, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsae024
Background Determining the concentration of nanoparticles (NPs) in marine organisms is important for evaluating their environmental impact and to assess potential food safety risks to human health. Objective The current work aimed at developing an in-house method based on single-particle ...
Determination of Total Aflatoxins in Polished Rice by Liquid Chromatography–Fluorescence Detection with Multifunctional Column Cleanup and Precolumn Derivatization: Single-Laboratory and Inter-Laboratory Validation Studies
Tomoya Yoshinari and others
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Volume 107, Issue 6, November-December 2024, Pages 953–959, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsae066
Background Aflatoxins (AFs) are toxic metabolites produced by Aspergillus spp. Because AFs are potent carcinogens in humans and animals, many countries have set regulatory limits for AFs in foods to prevent dietary exposure. From a global food safety perspective, in 2023, the Codex Alimentarius ...
Enhanced Automated Online Immunoaffinity Liquid Chromatography–Fluorescence Method for the Determination of Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products
Jackie E Wood and others
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Volume 106, Issue 3, May-June 2023, Pages 671–677, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsad009
Background Aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ) is found in the milk of cows exposed to feed spoiled by Aspergillus fungi species. These fungi may produce the secondary metabolite aflatoxin B 1 , which is converted in the cow liver by hydroxylation to AFM 1 and is then expressed in milk. AFM 1 is regulated in ...
Determination of Arsenic Species in Edible Insects by LC–ICP-MS
Eri Matsumoto and Makoto Matsumoto
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Volume 106, Issue 6, November-December 2023, Pages 1525–1531, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsad083
Background Edible insects may contain arsenic. Analysis of arsenic species is necessary in order to accurately assess arsenic exposure. Objective An analytical method was validated and used to determine and quantitate arsenic species in edible insects. Methods Arsenic species were extracted from ...
Validation of a New Liquid Asymmetric-Electrode Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (LAEP-OES) Method for Measurement of Total Mercury in Tuna
Hidenori Takagi and others
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Volume 107, Issue 6, November-December 2024, Pages 943–952, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsae053
Background Mercury intake is caused by eating seafood, such as tuna and other predatory fish species. To reduce the health risks of mercury intake, it is necessary to continuously measure and monitor mercury concentrations at fish farms and markets. We have developed a compact system that can ...
Simultaneous Determination of Amphenicols in Animal-Derived Foods by Solvent and Solid Phase Extraction With Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Feng Liu and others
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Volume 107, Issue 2, March-April 2024, Pages 267–276, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsad127
Background The consumption of foods containing amphenicols, a type of antibiotic, is a major concern for human health. A stable and accurate detection method can provide technical support for food-safety monitoring. Objective An effective and efficient method was established for determining ...
A Novel Approach for Single-Step Analyte Fractionation of Raw Milk Prior to Antibiotic Residue Trace Analysis as an Alternative to QuEchERS-Based Extraction
Jan-Michael Steils and others
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Volume 107, Issue 4, July-August 2024, Pages 649–662, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsae022
Background Antibiotic residues in milk are a well-known hazard in the dairy food chain. Detection methods for these residues, such as nonspecific microbiological inhibitor tests or group-specific receptor tests, are relatively inexpensive, easy to use, and widely applied to ensure food safety. In ...
Analyte Extension Method Validation of Elemental Analysis Manual Method 4.7 for Six Additional Elements, Cobalt (Co), Strontium (Sr), Thallium (Tl), Tin (Sn), Uranium (U), and Vanadium (V)
Anthony Kovalenko and others
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Volume 107, Issue 4, July-August 2024, Pages 632–640, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsae029
Background An interlaboratory study was conducted at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Northeast Food and Feed Laboratory (NFFL) and the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) with the purpose to expand FDA Elemental Analysis Manual (EAM) method 4.7 (Inductively Coupled ...
Determination of Ethanol Content in Water Kefir Using Headspace Gas Chromatography With Mass Spectrometry Detection: Matrix Extension and Methanol Characterization
Hong Sy and others
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Volume 106, Issue 2, March-April 2023, Pages 348–355, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsac125
Background Water kefir is a fermented beverage using water, sugar, and cultured microorganism grains as the primary ingredients. Ethanol may be present at varying levels within the final product due to the fermentation process, so it is vital to have a validated method to meet regulatory, quality, ...
Stability Study and Handling Recommendations for Multiresidue Pesticide Mixes under Diverse Storage Conditions for LC–MS/MS and GC–MS/MS
Landon A Wiest and others
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Volume 106, Issue 6, November-December 2023, Pages 1550–1563, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsad096
Background In response to the growing global need for pesticide residue testing, laboratories must develop versatile analytical methods and workflows to produce scientifically sound results. One of the many challenges faced by food chemists is acquiring suitable pesticide certified reference ...
Determination of Tilmicosin in Bovine, Swine, Chicken, and Turkey Tissues by Liquid Chromatography With Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Single-Laboratory Validation
John Matt Rodewald and others
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Volume 107, Issue 1, January-February 2024, Pages 77–92, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsad117
Background An LC-MS/MS method was developed for determination and confirmation of tilmicosin in bovine, swine, chicken, and turkey tissues (liver, kidney, muscle, and skin/fat) and bovine milk. Objective The method was subjected to single-laboratory validation to establish method performance ...
Using Liquid Chromatography—Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry for Detection of Economically Motivated Adulteration of Maple Syrup
Madhavi Mantha and others
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Volume 107, Issue 1, January-February 2024, Pages 69–76, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsad115
Background Maple syrup is a sought-after commodity, and used as a condiment and a sweetener. Also, it is an active target of economically motivated adulteration (EMA), similar to other foods such as lemon juice and honey. Objective This study is aimed to detect low cost sugar adulteration in maple ...
Reverse Flow Injection Spectrophotometric Determination of Total Acidity in Beverages Using Butterfly Pea Flower Extract
Patpitcha Deecharoenchaiyakul and Napa Tangtreamjitmun
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Volume 107, Issue 2, March-April 2024, Pages 260–266, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsad126
Background Monitoring total acidity during beverage production is crucial for quality control (QC). The standard acid–base titration, though widely used, is slow and generates hazardous waste through the use of acid–base indicators. Objective To develop an analysis method for beverage samples to ...
Interlaboratory Evaluation of Multiple LC–MS/MS Methods and a Commercial ELISA Method for Determination of Tetrodotoxin in Oysters and Mussels
Andrew D Turner and others
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Volume 106, Issue 2, March-April 2023, Pages 356–369, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsad006
Background Given the recent detection of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in bivalve molluscs but the absence of a full collaborative validation study for TTX determination in a large number of shellfish samples, interlaboratory assessment of method performance was required to better understand current ...
Quantitative Determination of Organophosphorus, Pyrethroid, and Dithiolane Pesticide Residues in Brown Rice Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Keisuke Nakamura and others
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Volume 106, Issue 6, November-December 2023, Pages 1532–1541, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsad080
Background Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a fast, versatile, and solvent-efficient automatic extraction method. Despite its advantages, the results of our proficiency tests imply that the applicability assessments of SFE for pesticide residues were insufficient. Objective In this study, as ...
A New JECFA Method for GC-MS Determination of Propylene Chlorohydrine Residues in Hydroxypropylated Starches
Menko van der Ark and others
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Volume 106, Issue 5, September-October 2023, Pages 1220–1229, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsad042
Background Propylene chlorohydrins (PCHs) are formed as byproducts in the reaction between starch and propylene oxide (PO). For hydroxypropylated (HP) starch applications in food, Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food additives (JECFA) set the maximum allowed total propylene chlorohydrin (PHC-t) ...
Bridging of a Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Oxytetracycline, Chlortetracycline, and Tetracycline in Bovine Kidney with the Official Microbial Growth Inhibition Assay
Lauren Girard and others
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Volume 106, Issue 1, January-February 2023, Pages 73–87, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsac104
Background Oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline (CTC), and tetracycline (TC) are approved antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections in cattle. To ensure human food safety, a tolerance has been established for the sum of these three TC residues as 12 parts per million in bovine kidney in ...
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