Effects of Changes in Body Weight and Insulin Resistance on Inflammation and Endothelial Function in Morbid Obesity after Bariatric Surgery

Abstract

Metabolic alterations such as insulin resistance are thought to underlie the endothelial dysfunction and low grade inflammation found in morbid obesity. Twenty-six morbidly obese patients, aged 39.0 ± 10.0 (mean ± sd), were evaluated before and 4.2 ± 0.8 months after bariatric surgery. A marked increment in the insulin sensitivity index (S_I) and the endothelium-dependent vasodilatory response in a dorsal hand vein was observed after weight loss following bariatric surgery. Circulating levels of E-selectin, P-selectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and von Willebrand factor, which were higher than those in the control group, decreased significantly after surgery. Plasma vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, angiotensin-converting enzyme, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, thrombomodulin, and plasma and intraplatelet cGMP levels did not change after weight loss. All inflammatory markers were higher in morbidly obese patients. After surgery, C- reactive protein and sialic acid diminished, whereas circulating levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and its soluble receptors did not. Positive correlations were found between changes in adiposity and S_I and changes in C-reactive protein and between changes in sialic acid and changes in endothelial function. In conclusion, a marked improvement in S_I, endothelial function, and low grade inflammation was observed in the weight-losing, morbidly obese patients after bariatric surgery. S_I and adiposity appear to play roles in obesity-related, low grade inflammation that contribute to the endothelial dysfunction observed in morbid obesity.