Volume 102, Issue 11, 1 November 2017

Gender affirmation is multidisciplinary treatment. Gender-dysphoric/gender-incongruent persons seek and/or are referred to endocrinologists to develop the physical characteristics of the affirmed gender.

In FTM individuals, masculinizing hormone therapy was not associated with changes in BMD, whereas in MTF individuals feminizing hormone therapy was associated with changes at the lumbar spine.

Sex steroid therapy may increase LDL-C and TG levels and decrease HDL-C levels in FTM, whereas oral estrogens may increase TG levels in MTF. Data about important patient outcomes remain sparse.

We studied Carney complex in siblings due to parental germ cell mosaicism of large PRKAR1A deletion, causing lethal metastatic melanotic schwannian tumor in the proband.

To our knowledge, this is the first case of a pituitary carcinoma caused by a mutation in a DNA mismatch repair gene (Lynch syndrome). Among 910 patients with LS, 3 had pituitary tumors, a higher number than expected.

Treatment with a calcimimetic was successful in 14 of 16 reported cases of FHH. Calcimimetics can be used in more cases of FHH.

Serum 25(OH)D concentrations significantly increased after endurance exercise, and the elevation was greater in men than in women, which can be attributed to the different percent body fat levels.

We found different patterns of lipolysis during exercise between lean and obese men. Changes in lipolytic rate seem to be due to altered protein amount or activity, not mRNA levels.

We studied antecedent hypoglycemia effects on gastric and cardiac responses to subsequent hypoglycemia, finding gastric emptying unaffected but that cardiac contractility may be attenuated.

We report on a heterozygous PTH mutation in an FIH family and demonstrate accumulation of the mutant intracellularly and its impaired secretion.

We have studied AMH and AMHR2 regulation by steroids and found that both genes are dysregulated by 5a-DHT and E2 in a way that promotes their overexpression in GCs from PCOS women.

We studied the duodenal expression of the glucose transporter SGLT-1 in individuals with dysglycemia and we found that duodenal SGLT-1 abundance is increased in subjects with post-load hyperglycemia.

MALDI-TOF MS profiling of primary metastasized and nonmetastasized pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas identified differences between their N-glycan profiles.

ANGPTL8 mRNA in human AT correlates with insulin-sensitive genes and is reduced by inflammation. ANGPTL8 is targeted by miR-221 and correlates negatively with it in the SAT of morbidly obese subjects.

We studied clinical and molecular features of renal tumor and pheochromocytoma tumor association syndrome by literature review and characterization of a large novel case series.

Study results suggest that bariatric surgery decreased plasma PCSK9 and LDL-C levels in patients with severe obesity. Caloric restriction also decreased PCSK9 levels.

Five days of prednisolone treatment (37.5 mg/d) increased the ability of serum but not tissue fluid to activate the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR). In cells, prednisolone decreased post–IGF-IR signaling.

Weight change over 4 years showed a reverse J-shaped all-cause mortality curve independent of BMI status. Weight loss was associated with a greater risk of mortality than was weight gain.

We examined peptide responses during 12 weeks of exercise after high- and low-fat meals. Weight losers showed greater suppression of acylated ghrelin and greater release of GLP-1 and PYY at baseline.

Exome analysis unexpectedly revealed DUOX2 mutations in patients with ectopic thyroid, suggesting that DUOX2 could also be involved in thyroid ontogenesis.

Genetic variants known to influence vitamin D were determined in mother and child dyads at birth. Fetal genetic variants were more important for cord blood vitamin D than those from the mother.

Cardiac structure, body composition, and cardiopulmonary functional capacity are impaired in children with untreated GHD and can be restored by GH therapy.

An epigenetic signature of thyroid lesions is described based on the DNA methylation analysis. An algorithm was developed to predict recurrence, which has potential to be used in the clinical practice.

This longitudinal study demonstrates that early adrenarche does not compromise the response to rhGH treatment in short children with SRS.

Case-control study to test serum surfactant proteins as biomarkers for lung damage in type 2 diabetes. Serum SP-D concentrations had an inverse association with forced expiratory volume in 1 second.

Hypoadiponectemia is a predictor of reduced HDL CEC in adults. Adiponectin production may be a crucial modulator of HDL function with implications for cardiovascular risk.

In two cohorts, the ER-β gene risk allele associated with SSBP but only in the presence of estrogen, potentially secondary to inappropriate aldosterone levels on liberal salt intake.

The study describes the role of ceramide in the proapoptotic effects of saturated fatty acids on human cardiac progenitors and the ability of GLP-1 receptor agonists to counteract these effects.

We evaluated sex difference in a large, unselected PHPT series. Biochemical activity was independent of sex, whereas clinical presentation appeared different, mostly due to menopausal state.

This study demonstrates that single-dose metformin enhances bile acid–induced induction of plasma GLP-1 excursions after cholecystokinin-mediated gallbladder emptying in patients with type 2 diabetes.

High resorption, heterogenous mineralization, woven bone, and low cortical thickness characterise HJCYS bone. Reduced bone density and cortical thickness increased during bisphosphonate therapy.

Using survival analysis, we found that visceral fat, but not subcutaneous fat, was associated with incident cardiovascular disease; these estimates were similar across age, sex, and race/ethnicity.

Metabolic syndrome, greater waist circumference, and higher BMI are more prevalent in children of TPO-Ab–positive mothers, indicating an adverse cardiovascular health profile.

21OHD was associated with reduced frequency of biological children and increased frequency of adopted children, indicating impaired fertility, but some subgroups had normal fertility.

Our study showed that low B12 levels in pregnancy alter adipose-derived circulating miRs, which may mediate an adipogenic and insulin-resistant phenotype leading to obesity.

We studied mineral and bone metabolism in ADPKD children and found hypophosphatemia, inappropriately normal FGF23 levels, and decreased bone alkaline phosphatase, suggesting suppressed bone formation.

Acromegaly is characterized by insulin resistance but lower hepatic lipids compared with healthy controls. Biochemical control of acromegaly improves IR but leads to less favorable body composition.

Healthy men were exposed to mild cold, activating BAT metabolism. This activation improved insulin sensitivity without affecting insulin secretion and modified plasma FA profiles.

A “TSH first” strategy is common in thyroid function testing. We found that using wider TSH cutoffs (outside reference range limits) to trigger free T4 testing is more efficient and cost-effective.

In a large cohort of Canadian white women, skeletal size affects fracture prediction based on FRAX^® with BMD, with fracture risk underestimated in those with larger hip area.

HCEC was measured in HIV-infected subjects before and after 6 months of ART. HCEC improved with ART but not to the level of controls. Changes in HCEC related to changes in monocyte subpopulations.

In this study, patients with Addison’s disease had increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome compared with matched control subjects, and several cardiovascular biomarkers were adversely affected.

We studied the status of Th17 cells and found increased pathogenic Th17 cell in GO patients. Th17 cells promote fibrosis in CD90⁺ OFs and OFs produce PGE₂ to promote Th17 cell differentiation.

We studied the outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery for Cushing disease in 278 patients and found that this treatment can result in durable endocrine remission in appropriately selected patients.

In this 12-week RCT, we studied the effect of vitamin D on TT levels in 100 eugonadal men with 25(OH)D <;75 nmol/L. We found no effect of vitamin D treatment on TT but a significant decrease in the QUICKI.

A protocol for differentiation of hESCs into bipotential gonadallike cells was established by modulating the activity of the BMP signaling pathway.

This study of found that rise in pregnancy blood pressure was associated with a higher risk for obesity in offspring.

We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of GEM-based chemotherapy in 145 patients with ACC and elucidated the potential predictive role of hENT1 and RRM1 expression.

This double-blind, placebo-controlled supplementation trial demonstrated no effect of an add-on relevant daily dose of selenium on hyperthyroid patients with Graves disease.